伦理共同体的重建:人工道德主体的意识维度再推进及其感知基础  

Reconstruction of the Ethical Community:A Further Study on the Consciousness Dimension of Artificial Moral Agent and Its Perceptual Basis

作　　者：崔中良 CUI Zhongliang

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《学习与实践》2024年第6期30-39,共10页Study and Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“认知科学哲学视域下的人工共情问题研究”(项目编号:21CZX020);国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代新兴增强技术前沿的人文主义哲学研究”(项目编号:20&ZD044);河南省高校哲学社会科学创新团队(项目编号:2024-CXTD-11)。

摘　　要：生成式人工智能的迅猛发展以及人工道德主体的出现亟需重建伦理共同体,但面临着人工智能作为主体的伦理意识是否存在的问题。从道德主体对于意识的依赖性角度看,人工智能作为道德主体需要人工意识作为基础。当前的人工意识研究主要受制于意识的外在和内在的本质主义束缚,意识呈现为内感受性、封闭性和独立性特征,因此会陷入对于人工意识是否存在的质疑,从而制约人工道德主体的发展。功能主义意识观推动了人工意识由判定性假设进入程度性视角,从而使人工意识呈现出具身性、社会涌现性和延展性特征。人工智能作为道德主体,需要本质主义和功能主义结合的复合意识观,使人工意识具有及物与不及物、主动与被动、连续与非连续以及局部与全局性特征。在此基础上,可进一步探讨人工智能复合意识观的感知基础,包括人工意识对于感知的依赖、感知作为一种道德判断、感知与道德实践一体。The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence makes the ethical subject expand continuously.However,it faces the problem of whether the ethical consciousness of artificial intelligence as the subject exists.From the perspective of the necessity and dependence of ethical subjects on consciousness,it is pointed out that artificial intelligence as a moral subject needs artificial consciousness as the foundation.The current research on artificial consciousness is mainly constrained by the external and internal essentialism of consciousness,and consciousness presents the characteristics of interreceptivity,closure and independence.Therefore,it will fall into the vortex of restricting the development of artificial moral subject for the existence of artificial consciousness.The functionalist view of consciousness promotes artificial consciousness from the judgment hypothesis to the degree perspective,so that artificial intelligence consciousness presents the characteristics of embodiment,social emergence and extensibility.However,as an ethical subject,artificial intelligence needs a compound consciousness view combining essentialism and functionalism,so that artificial intelligence consciousness has characteristics of being transitive and intransitive,active and passive,continuous and discontinuous,and local and global.On this basis,the perception basis of the composite consciousness view of artificial intelligence is further discussed,including the dependence of artificial consciousness on perception,perception as a kind of moral judgment,and the integration of perception and moral practice.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 人工道德主体 人工意识 复合意识观 

分 类 号：B82-057[哲学宗教—伦理学]