基于混合量测状态估计的配电网故障定位方法  

A fault location method based on hybrid measurement state estimation for a distribution network

作　　者：季亮 殷佳明 姜恩宇 洪启腾 李博通 李振坤 JI Liang;YIN Jiaming;JIANG Enyu;HONG Qiteng;LI Botong;LI Zhenkun(School of Electrical Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 200090,China;University of Strathclyde,Glasgow G11RD,United Kingdom;School of Electrical Automation and Information Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]上海电力大学电气工程学院,上海200090 [2]英国思克莱德大学,英国格拉斯哥G11RD [3]天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《电力系统保护与控制》2024年第12期58-68,共11页Power System Protection and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(52177098);国网河南省电力公司科技项目资助(5217H0220001)。

摘　　要：微型相量测量单元(micro-phasor measurement unit,μPMU)为配电自动化的进一步升级提供了良好的量测基础,但现阶段电网中μPMU数量有限,难以满足传统配电网故障定位的需求。针对该问题,结合电网中μPMU与智能电表等量测设备,并基于虚拟节点的多重状态估计方法,提出了一种基于混合量测状态估计的故障定位方法。首先,通过等效变换将μPMU和智能电表的测量信息输入到故障状态估计器当中。然后,利用μPMU将网络划分为不同的区域。根据状态估计结果计算故障电流,缩小故障搜索区域以减少计算复杂度。为了识别区域内的故障位置,通过设置附加虚拟故障节点形成多种特定的故障拓扑结构并执行多重状态估计,计算出用于识别故障位置的加权测量残差指标,以确定故障位置。最后,在实时仿真系统(real-timedigitalsimulation, RTDS)中进行仿真测试,结果表明所提方法在不同故障场景下均能准确有效地定位故障,且对量测误差具有较好的鲁棒性。The micro-phasor measurement unit(μPMU)provides a measurement basis for distribution automation upgrade,but the present stage of the number ofμPMU cannot really meet the needs of fault location in a traditional distribution network.To address this,this paper proposes a fault location method based on hybrid measurement state estimation by integrating theμPMU and a smart meter(SM)and considering a multiple state estimation method of virtual buses.First,the measurement data from theμPMU and smart meter are input into the state estimator by equivalent transformation.Then,the positions of theμPMU are exploited to divide the network into different zones.It calculates fault current by estimated results to restrict the fault searching zone and to reduce computational complexity.To locate the fault within the identified zone,additional virtual buses are placed to form a multiple specific fault topology and execute fault state estimation respectively.This calculates the weighted measurement residual index to identify the fault location.Finally,through real-time digital simulation system(RTDS)tests,the results verify that the method can precisely ascertain the fault locations in various fault scenarios and has good robustness to measurement noise.

关 键 词：配电网 故障定位 状态估计 微型相量测量单元 智能电表 混合量测 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]