耕翻深度对阴山北麓地区马铃薯根系生长及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of ploughing depth on root growth of potato and soil enzyme activity in the north foot of Yinshan mountain

作　　者：孟丽丽 邢艳玲 张婷婷 李欣[1] 张亚楠[1] 霍玉芹[1] 蒙美莲[3] MENG Li-li;XING Yan-ling;ZHANG Ting-ting;LI Xin;ZHANG Ya-nan;HUO Yu-qin;MENG Mei-lian(Department of Life Science,Cangzhou Normal University,Cangzhou Hebei 061001;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural&Animal husbandry Sciences,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010031;College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010019)

机构地区：[1]沧州师范学院,河北沧州061001 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第4期136-142,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09-P10)。

摘　　要：为探究耕翻深度对阴山北麓地区马铃薯根系生长及土壤酶活性的影响,分析了4个耕翻深度20 cm(D_(20),CK)、30 cm(D_(30))、40 cm(D_(40))、50 cm(D_(50))对马铃薯根干物质积累量、根系活力以及土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性的影响。结果表明:较D_(20)和D_(30)处理,深翻D_(40)和D_(50)处理可显著提高根系活力,促进淀粉积累期马铃薯根系干物质积累,分别提高了75.2%~292.1%和23.4%~30.2%。通过土壤酶活性分析,深翻(D_(30)、D_(40)、D_(50)处理)对马铃薯田中过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性影响不明显,但对碱性磷酸酶与脲酶活性影响较大。深翻可提高马铃薯全生育期0~20 cm土层及苗期20~60 cm土层中碱性磷酸酶活性,其中在块茎膨大期至淀粉积累期0~20 cm土层与苗期40~60 cm土层中D_(40)和D_(50)处理影响显著。深翻D_(30)、D_(40)、D_(50)处理分别显著提高了0~20 cm土层中整个生育期、块茎膨大期和淀粉积累期、淀粉积累期的脲酶活性;同时还提高了20~60 cm土层中脲酶活性,其中D_(40)和D_(50)处理显著提高了33.8%~80.0%。综上所述,深翻30 cm仍旧是马铃薯根系生长的胁迫深度,深翻40 cm对促进马铃薯根系生长、提高马铃薯田土壤碱性磷酸酶与脲酶活性效果最佳。To explore the effects of ploughing depth on root growth and soil enzyme activity of potato in north foot of Yinshan mountain,the effects of four different ploughing depths of 20 cm(D_(20),CK),30 cm(D_(30)),40 cm(D_(40))and 50 cm(D_(50))on dry matter accumulation,activity of root of potato and soil enzyme activities,including catalase,alkaline phosphate,urease and sucrose,were analyzed.The results showed that the deep ploughing of D_(40) and D_(50 )treatment,compared to D_(20) and D_(30) treatment,improved root activity significantly and enhanced root dry matter accumulation in starch accumulation stage,increased by 75.2%-292.1%and 23.4%-30.2%,respectively.Through the soil enzymes activity analysis,deep ploughing(D_(30),D_(40),D_(50) treatment)had little effect on the activities of catalase and sucrase in potato fields,but had a great effect on alkaline phosphatase and urease activities.Deep ploughing improved soil alkaline phosphate activity in soil layers of0-20 cm in whole growing period and 20-60 cm in seeding stage.Among them,D_(40) and D_(50) treatment increased remarkably in soil layers of 0-20 cm from tuber expansion period to the starch accumulation stage and 40-60 cm in seeding stage.Deep ploughing D_(30),D_(40) and D_(50) treatments significantly increased the urease activity in 0-20 cm soil layers in the whole growth period,from tuber expansion stage to starch accumulation period,and starch accumulation period,respectively.Meanwhile,they improved the urease activity in 20-60 cm soil,among which the urease activity of D_(40) and D_(50) treatment increased significantly by 33.8%-80.0%.In conclusion,the ploughing depth of 30 cm was still the stress depth for potato root growth,and the deep ploughing of 40 cm had the best effect on promoting potato root growth and increasing the activities of alkaline phosphatase and urease in potato field.

关 键 词：耕翻深度 马铃薯 根系生长 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学] S532[农业科学—农业基础科学]