低温纤维素降解菌假裸囊菌SDF-LT的分离、鉴定及其对玉米秸秆降解特性的研究  

Isolation,identification and degradation characteristics of maize straw of low-temperature cellulose-degrading strain Pseudogymnoascus sp.SDF-LT

作　　者：黄媛媛 黄亚丽[3] 张翔 赵芊 张树明[4] 张智英 彭正萍 HUANG Yuan-yuan;HUANG Ya-li;ZHANG Xiang;ZHAO Qian;ZHANG Shu-ming;ZHANG Zhi-ying;PENG Zheng-ping(College of Resources and Environmental Science/Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment/State Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Regulation in North China,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding Hebei 071001;Institute of Biology Hebei Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050081;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050018;Tangshan Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center,Tangshan Hebei 063000;Huanghua Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning,Huanghua Hebei 061100)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室/华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北保定071001 [2]河北省科学院生物研究所,河北石家庄050081 [3]河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院,河北石家庄050018 [4]唐山市耕地质量保护中心,河北唐山063000 [5]黄骅市自然资源和规划局,河北黄骅061100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第4期222-227,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(21327301D);河北省科学院科技支撑计划(23305,24305);河北省科技成果转化资金项目。

摘　　要：为筛选低温高效纤维素降解真菌,从河北省石家庄、邢台、唐山等地区的小麦-玉米轮作农田采集土壤39份作为分离样品。在10℃条件下,采用纤维素钠-刚果红培养基测定菌株透明圈大小;测定滤纸酶活性进行酶活性比较,最终筛选得到1株低温高效纤维素降解真菌SDF-LT,根据菌株形态学和ITS序列分析鉴定为假裸囊菌(Pseudogymnoascus)。采用自然低温条件下沙袋法测定菌株SDF-LT的秸秆降解能力,发现接种该菌株的玉米秸秆降解率在80 d时为42.67%,显著高于市售秸秆降解菌剂和空白对照。80 d时SDF-LT处理的玉米秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量最少,分别为26.79%、28.52%、4.41%,显著低于常温秸秆降解菌剂和空白对照;采用扫描电镜观察秸秆的纤维结构发现,SDF-LT处理的秸秆纤维束结构断裂,纤维结构高度破坏。筛得的菌株SDF-LT为玉米秸秆的降解提供了菌种资源。In order to screen low-temperature and high-efficiency cellulose-degrading fungi,39 soil samples were collected from the wheat-maize double cropping fields in Shijiazhang,Xingtai,Tangshan in Hebei Province.The size of the transparent circle of the straw degradation fungi were screened by Cellulose sodium-Congo red medium at 10℃.By comparing the filter paper enzyme activities,a low temperature cellulose degrading fungi SDF-LT was found.Based on the morphology and ITS phylogenetic analysis,the fungi were identified as a strain of the genus Pseudogymnoascus.Sandbag method under natural low-temperature conditions was used to determine the straw degradation ability of the strains SDF-LT.The degradation rate of this strain was 42.67% at 80 days after inoculation,which was significantly higher than that of the normal temperature inoculants and control.At 80 days,the content of cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin in maize straw treated with SDF-LT were 26.79%,28.52%,4.41% respectively,which were significantly lower than those of normal temperature straw degrading bacteria and control.Using scanning electron microscopy,it was found that the original fiber bundle structure of straw treated by SDF-LT was broken,and the fiber structure was highly damaged.The screened strain SDF-LT provided strain resources for the maize straw degradation.

关 键 词：低温 玉米秸秆 菌株筛选 假裸囊菌 秸秆降解率 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]