不同覆盖种植方式对马铃薯耗水特性及产量的影响  

Effects of different covering planting methods on water consumption characteristics and yield of potatoes

作　　者：刘晓峰 董海霞 徐文杰 胡亮亮 董志香 周萌 黄彩霞 LIU Xiao-feng;DONG Hai-xia;XU Wen-jie;HU Liang-liang;DONG Zhi-xiang;ZHOU Meng;HUANG Cai-xia(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Dingxi Hydraulic Research Institute,Dingxi,Gansu 743000,China;Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture Water Resources Management Center,Changji,Xinjiang 831100,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,兰州730070 [2]定西市水利科学研究所,甘肃定西743000 [3]昌吉回族自治州水资源管理中心,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第5期1001-1009,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：甘肃农业大学青年导师扶持基金项目(GAU-QDFC-2023-13);兰州市科技计划项目(2022-2-62);国家自然科学基金项目(22JR5RJ1020)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究黄土高原旱作区马铃薯不同覆盖种植方式对耗水特性及产量的影响,提高水分利用效率,寻求适宜干旱和半干旱地区马铃薯种植模式。【方法】于2022年在甘肃农业大学试验基地开展试验,设置垄作种植+高秸秆覆盖量(SLH)、垄作种植+低秸秆覆盖量(SLL)、平作种植+高秸秆覆盖量(PH),平作种植+低秸秆覆盖量(PL)4个覆盖处理,以传统露地平作种植为对照(CK)。【结果】覆盖处理较CK显著提高马铃薯全生育期土壤含水量0.14%~0.78%,覆盖处理在块茎形成期增墒效应最突出,较CK平均增加0~90 cm土层土壤含水量17.85%。覆盖处理较CK显著提高马铃薯全生育期0~180 cm土壤贮水量,SLH处理在块茎形成期和成熟期增幅最大,分别增加11.54%和11.14%。秸秆覆盖较CK显著提高薯块产量5.24%~26.16%,水份利用效率(WUE)提高10.39%~34.07%,商品薯率提高2.11%~12.88%。覆盖处理较CK显著降低马铃薯生育前期(播种期-苗期)和后期(淀粉积累期-成熟期)耗水量,显著增加生育中期(块茎形成期-淀粉积累期)耗水量,但全生育期耗水量总体显著降低。SLH、SLL、PH、PL处理较CK分别增加马铃薯总收入36.99%、20.54%、11.12%、8.45%。【结论】覆盖处理能显著提高WUE和马铃薯产量,秸秆覆盖操作简单、绿色环保、省工省力,显著增加马铃薯种植收入,垄作种植+高秸秆覆盖量(SLH)提高WUE和马铃薯产量最高,适宜于干旱和半干旱地区马铃薯生产种植模式中推广使用。[Objective]The present paper aimed to explore the effects of different cover planting methods on water consumption characteristics and yield of potatoes in arid and semiarid areas of the Loess Plateau,improve water use efficiency,and seek suitable potato planting models in arid and semi-arid areas.[Method]The experiments were conducted at the experimental base of Gansu Agricultural University in 2022.Four covering treatments were set up:ridge planting+high straw coverage(SLH),ridge planting+low straw coverage(SLL),flat planting+high straw coverage(PH),and flat planting+low straw coverage(PL).Traditional open field flat planting was used as the control(CK).[Result]The covering treatment significantly increased the soil moisture content of potato throughout the entire growth period by 0.14%-0.78%compared to CK.The covering treatment had the most prominent effect on increasing soil moisture during the tuber forma-tion period,with an average increase of 17.85%in soil moisture content in the 0-90 cm soil layer compared to CK.Covering treatment sig-nificantly increased the soil water storage capacity of 0-180 cm throughout the entire growth period of potatoes compared to CK treatment.Among them,SLH treatment had the largest increase in tuber formation and maturity stages,with an increase of 11.54%and 11.14%,re-spectively.Straw mulching significantly increased potato yield by 5.24%to 26.16%compared to CK,increased water use efficiency(WUE)by 10.39%to 34.07%,and increased commercial potato yield by 2.11%to 12.88%.The coverage treatment significantly reduced the wa-ter consumption of potatoes in the early stage(sowing seedling stage)and later stage(starch accumulation maturity stage)compared to CK,and significantly increased the water consumption in the middle stage(tuber formation stage starch accumulation stage),but the overall water consumption during the entire growth period was significantly reduced.SLH,SLL,PH and PL treatments increased the total potato income by 36.99%,20.54%,11.12%,and 8.45%,respectively,compared

关 键 词：马铃薯 耗水特性 秸秆覆盖 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]