大型真菌及菌丝体复合材料的应用研究进展  

Research progress in macrofungi and mycelia composites

作　　者：袁久刚[1] 王应雪 周爱晖 徐进[1] 唐颖[1] 范雪荣[1] YUAN Jiugang;WANG Yingxue;ZHOU Aihui;XU Jin;TANG Ying;FAN Xuerong(Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles(Jiangnan University),Ministry of Education,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214122,China;Fujian Province Fiber Inspection Center,Fuzhou,Fujian 350008,China)

机构地区：[1]生态纺织教育部重点实验室(江南大学),江苏无锡214122 [2]福建省纤维检验中心,福建福州350008

出　　处：《纺织学报》2024年第7期223-229,共7页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31771039)。

摘　　要：为深入探究新型真菌材料在可降解性、生物相容性、耐用性、隔音性等方面的应用研究,促进真菌复合材料的发展,对目前国内外大型真菌及菌丝体复合材料的研究现状进行了综述。首先,从材料角度出发,对平菇、金针菇、灵芝等大型真菌的主要结构、组成成分、活性物质和应用价值等内容进行了分类介绍,对比分析了固态发酵和液态发酵方式对真菌材料及其加工性能的影响。其次,综合分析了国内外有关纯菌丝体材料和菌丝体复合材料的研究进展,详细介绍了菌丝体复合材料在隔音材料、建筑板材、包装材料、纺织皮革以及医用敷料等方面的研究成果。最后,对真菌材料存在的生产污染、致病性、使用寿命等问题以及未来发展方向进行了分析与展望,希望为真菌复合材料的快速发展提供有益借鉴。Significance Fungi are neither plants nor animals,which are one of the first life forms on Earth.Fungi are widely distributed in nature,with millions of species.In recent years,with the improvement of people′s awareness of environmental protection and the progress of cultivation technology,the application of fungi is also expanded.Fungi are rich in dextran and chitin,and have unique physical and chemical properties.Besides food and medicine,fungi are also widely used in material engineering.Fungal composite materials are a new type of environment-friendly material,which has the characteristics of simple production,complete degradation,durability and wide application scenarios which attracted much research interest.In order to promote the development of sustainable materials and advocate the concept of environmental protection,it is of great significance to review and summarize the current research status of fungi and mycelium composites.Progress In order to better promote the development of fungal composites,this paper makes a comprehensive review of the current fungal materials covering the composition,fermentation mode and application status.The main structure,composition,active substances and application value of large fungi such as oyster mushroom,Flammulina mushroom and Ganoderma lucidum were first introduced respectively.In order to make the explanation clearer and more concise,some detailed data about fungi materials were collected.Fermentation methods also have a great influence on the properties of raw fungal materials.Fermentation products could have different thickness and density,requiring different processing routes.Therefore,the advantages and disadvantages of solid fermentation and liquid fermentation were compared and analyzed,and their effects on the processing properties of raw fungal materials were summarized.In addition,the research progress of pure mycelia materials and mycelium composites was comprehensively reviewed.At present,the research and development of fungal materials still show ra

关 键 词：真菌 菌丝体 几丁质 生物质 复合材料 

分 类 号：TS959.9[轻工技术与工程]