尾矿水浸泡对砂岩结构及力学特性影响研究  

Study on the Effect of Tailings Water Immersion on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Sandstone

作　　者：李铭 杨斌 胡军[1] 夏治国 罗昌 LI Ming;YANG Bin;HU Jun;XIA Zhiguo;LUO Chang(School of Civil Engineering,University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Anshan 114051,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁科技大学土木工程学院,辽宁鞍山114051

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第6期31-37,共7页Metal Mine

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅面上项目(编号:LJKZ0322);辽宁科技大学校青年项目(编号:2020QN10)。

摘　　要：尾矿水长期浸泡会对岩石稳定性造成潜在影响,可能引发一系列危害。为研究尾矿水溶液的溶蚀作用对砂岩力学性能和微观结构的影响,采用自来水和尾矿水对砂岩进行90 d浸泡,随后进行离子浓度测定和单轴压缩试验。利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对砂岩试样的微观形貌以及表面元素进行分析,建立尾矿水对岩石溶解的数值模型。研究结果表明:与天然试样相比,自来水浸泡后试样的强度和弹性模量分别降低了16.38%和18.5%,而尾矿水浸泡后其强度和弹性模量分别降低了24.42%和25.42%。尾矿水呈弱碱性,与砂岩的主要成分石英钠长石(NaAlSi_(3)O_(8))和钾长石(K(AlSi_(3)O_(8)))发生化学反应,生成大量的Na^(+)和K^(+)离子,溶液中离子浓度分别增加了40.17%和19.8%,导致砂岩表层微观结构破坏、孔隙和裂隙增大,从而使得弱化效果更加显著。研究成果为理解尾矿水对砂岩浸水弱化机理提供了有益参考,并为尾矿工程安全研究、分析、测评提供科学依据。Long-term soaking of tailings water will have a potential impact on rock stability and may cause a series of hazards.In order to study the effect of dissolution of tailings aqueous solution on the mechanical properties and microstructure of sandstone,the sandstone was soaked in tap water and tailings water for 90 days,and then the ion concentration measurement and uniaxial compression test were carried out.The microstructure and surface elements of sandstone samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer,and the numerical model of tailings water to rock dissolution was established.The results show that compared with the natural sample,the strength and elastic modulus of the sample after soaking in tap water are reduced by 16.38%and 18.5%,respectively,while the strength and elastic modulus of the sample af-ter soaking in tailings water are reduced by 24.42%and 25.42%,respectively.The tailings water is weakly alkaline,and reacts with quartz albite(NaAlSi_(3)O_(8))and potassium feldspar(K(AlSi_(3)O_(8))),the main components of sandstone,to generate a large number of Na^(+)and K^(+)ions.The ion concentration in the solution increased by 40.17%and 19.8%,respectively,resulting in the destruction of the microstructure of the sandstone surface and the increase of pores and cracks,thus making the weakening effect more significant.The research results provide a useful reference for understanding the weakening mechanism of tailings water on sandstone immersion,and provide a scientific basis for the safety research,analysis and evaluation of tailings engineering.

关 键 词：尾矿水浸泡 扫描电镜 微观结构 离子浓度 劣化机制 

分 类 号：TD315[矿业工程—矿井建设]