畜禽粪污好氧发酵多参数监测系统设计与试验  

Design and Testing of a Multi-parameter Monitoring System for Aerobic Fermen-tation of Livestock Manure

作　　者：赵文文 仇天雷[2] 朱君 王海峰 贾楠 李斌[1] ZHAO Wenwen;QIU Tianei;ZHU Jun;WANG Haifeng;JIA Nan;LI Bin(Intelligent Equipment Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Institute of Biotechnology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]北京市农林科学院生物技术研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《中国猪业》2024年第3期34-46,共13页China Swine Industry

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(22322909D);北京市农林科学院财政专项项目;北京市农林科学院2024年度科研创新平台建设项目(PT2024-41)。

摘　　要：为解决畜禽粪污好氧发酵监测系统的参数单一、缺少罐体强度与监测数据有效性分析等问题,研究设计了畜禽粪污好氧发酵多参数监测系统,并开展测试与试验。该系统基于多点分布的气体-温度传感器,采集粪污发酵过程中CO_(2)、O_(2)及不同堆层温度的实时数据,利用DWIN DGUS开发平台搭建本地操作系统,实现监测信息的显示、存储等,并采用ANSYS软件对发酵罐体及搅拌机构的结构强度进行分析。结果表明,在机械结构强度仿真分析过程中,发酵罐体及搅拌机构最大等效应力分别为0.837 MPa、0.276 MPa,最大变形量分别为(1.61×10^(-3))mm、(4.44×10^(-4))mm,强度符合设计要求;在预试验过程中,发酵罐内在不同堆层的温度变化一致,其中罐内温度传感器A~E采集温度的平均值分别为28.60℃、28.64℃、27.82℃、28.73℃和28.21℃,均显著高于罐外温度传感器F的平均值25.51℃(P<0.05),罐内CO_(2)、O_(2)浓度最大差值分别为221 ppm、0.5%;在正式试验过程中,粪污好氧发酵过程经历了完整的升温、高温、降温阶段,且粪污发酵高温期持续时间在5 d以上,罐内CO_(2)浓度与O_(2)浓度呈相反的增减趋势变化;借助hampel滤波识别方法分别构建了罐体中、下层的粪污发酵温度与发酵时间的回归模型,相关系数R2分别为0.85和0.79。说明该系统中各传感器采集的数据稳定,发酵过程符合好氧发酵的变化规律,发酵温度与发酵时间具有较好的相关性,可满足规模化好氧发酵过程参数在线监测需求。The aerobic fermentation system for livestock and poultry manure had some problem,such as single-parameter and lack of analysis on the effectiveness of tank strength and monitoring data.This research designed a multi-parameter monitoring system for the aerobic fermentation of livestock manure and carried out testing and experimental work.The system was based on multi-point distribut-ed gas-temperature sensors to collect real-time data of CO_(2),O_(2) and temperature of different heap layers during the fermentation pro-cess.DWIN DGUS development platform was used to build a local operating system to achieve the display and storage of monitoring information.And ANSYS software was used to analyse the structural strength of the fermenter body and stirring mechanism.The test re-sults showed that during the simulation and analysis of mechanical structure strength,the maximum equivalent force of fermenter body and stirring mechanism were 0.837 MPa and 0.276 MPa respectively,and the maximum deformation were(1.61×10^(-3))mm and(4.44×10^(-4))mm,respectively,and the strength met the design requirements.During the test,the temperature changed of different stacks in the fermenter were consistent,in which the average values of the temperatures collected by the temperature sensors A~E in the tank were 28.60℃,28.64℃,27.82℃,28.73℃,and 28.21℃,respectively,which were significantly higher than that of the average value of 25.51℃of the temperature sensor F outside the tank(P<0.05),and the maximal difference of the concentration CO_(2) and O_(2) in the tank were 21 ppm and 0.5%.During the formal test,the aerobic fermentation process of manure experienced a complete warming,high temperature and cooling phase,and the fermentation high temperature period lasted for more than 5 days,and the CO_(2) concentration in the tank showed an opposite increasing and decreasing trend change with the O_(2) concentration.Utilizing the hampel filter identification method,regression models were separately established for the relationship b

关 键 词：畜禽粪污 发酵 堆肥 温度 气体监测 发酵罐 hampel 滤波 仿真分析 

分 类 号：S818.9[农业科学—畜牧学] TP391.4[农业科学—畜牧兽医] X713[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]