德福一致的问题实质、可能路径与理想形态  

On the Problem Essence,Possible Path and Ideal Form of the Consistency of Virtue and Happiness

作　　者：李志祥[1] Li Zhixiang

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学公共管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（伦理学）》2023年第7期10-18,共9页ETHICS

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“人类道德行为的进化与社会文化心理机制研究”(20&ZD039)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：德福一致问题是人类在遭遇道德危机时会反复追问的重要问题,它既会影响行为者道德意愿的强弱,又会影响共同体道德水平的高低。德福一致之所以被视为一个需要认真对待的“问题”,关键不在于德行与共同体的幸福能否一致,也不在于德行与行为者的精神幸福能否一致,而在于德行与行为者的物质幸福能否一致。行为的道德性质取决于它是否合乎自由规律,幸福后果取决于它是否合乎自然规律,自由规律与自然规律的分离导致合德行为并不必然给行为者带来物质幸福。要建立德行与行为者物质幸福的可靠联系,需要以共同体主义超越自由主义,以马克思主义的“合社会性”打破“合自由性”与“合自然性”的康德式分离,使合德行为可以因为必然合乎社会规律而获得来自社会的物质幸福。严格避免“因善得祸”和“因恶得福”,才有可能遏止道德冷漠现象的出现与蔓延;全面实现“因善得福”和“因恶得祸”,更有可能满足人们对美好生活的向往。The consistency of virtue and happiness is an important question repeatedly asked by people during the moral crisis.The reason why the consistency of virtue and happiness is regarded as a“problem”that needs to be taken seriously is whether the virtues can be consistent with the material happiness of the actors.The moral nature of behavior depends on whether it conforms to the law of freedom,and its happy consequences depend on whether it conforms to the law of nature.The separation of the laws of freedom and the laws of nature leads to moral behavior that does not necessarily bring material happiness to the actor.To establish a reasonable connection between morality and material happiness of actors,we need to surpass the Kantian separation of“freedom”and“nature”through Marxist thought of“sociality”,so that moral behavior can obtain material happiness from society because it must conform to social laws.The consistency of virtue and happiness in the positive sense(i.e.realizing“happiness for good”and“misfortune for evil”)is the ideal goal of human social development,while the consistency of virtue and happiness in the negative sense(i.e.avoiding“misfortune for good”and“happiness for evil”)is the bottom line goal when social morality has not reached the ideal level.

关 键 词：德福一致 道德冷漠 社会正义 共同体主义 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]