趋同与分化:高校分类发展双轨体系的难题及破解  

Convergence and Differentiation:Problems and Solutions of the Double-Track System of Classification Development in Colleges and Universities

作　　者：刘振天 赵志强 Liu Zhentian;Zhao Zhiqiang

机构地区：[1]厦门大学高等教育研究中心 [2]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（高等教育）》2023年第3期5-15,共11页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“高质量教育体系建设:理念、标准、机制与方法”(21AZD068)的研究成果。

摘　　要：高校科学分类是推动大规模高等教育高质量发展的重要前提。通过研究欧美国家主流的高校分类模式与经验发现,无论是单轨体系还是双轨体系,均由其内在的历史传统和文化以及外在的社会政治、经济条件共同形塑而成。我国高等教育因后发特性,多从外部层面理解并推行分类体系建设,从而造成了趋同化困境。这种困境具体表现在不同层次定位、不同科类性质、不同人才培养模式的高校分类趋同化和同类高校的内部趋同化。其成因与政策和资源驱动、历史与文化观念制约、“合法性”身份诉求和评价单一化导向密切相关。为构建合理的学术与应用双轨体系,需要持续深入转变传统教育观念,兼顾高等教育内在差异与外在价值,建立公平和绩效并重的拨款机制,重构科学的分类评价体系。The scientific classification of colleges and universities is an important prerequisite for promoting the high-quality development of large-scale higher education.By studying the classification patterns and experience of the mainstream universities in Europe and America,it is found that both monorail system and doubletrack system are shaped by their internal traditional history and culture as well as external social political and economic conditions.Due to the later-emerged characteristics,Chinese higher education mainly understands and carries out classification system construction from external level,which causes the assimilation dilemma.This dilemma is manifested in the classification assimilation of colleges and universities of different levels,different subjects and different talent training modes,and the internal assimilation of similar colleges and universities.Its causes are closely related to the policy and resource drive,the restriction of historical and cultural concepts,the demand of“legitimacy”identity and the orientation of the single evaluation.In order to construct a reasonable dualtrack academic and application system,it is necessary to continuously and deeply change the traditional educational concepts,take into account the internal differences and external values of higher education,establish an allocation mechanism that attaches equal importance to equity and performance,and reconstruct a scientific classification and evaluation system.

关 键 词：高校分类 双轨体系 趋同化 合法性 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]