2%辣椒素纳米型水乳剂的研制及其抗虫效果分析  

Preparation of Nano Water Emulsion of 2% Capsaicin and Analysis of Its Anti-Insect Effect

作　　者：孟美兰 林冰 吕享 陈丽辉 何广 MENG Meilan;LIN Bing;LÜXiang;CHEN Lihui;HE Guang(School of Pharmacy,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;Food Safety Quality Control Engineering Technology Research Center,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;The First People's Hospital of Huaxi District of Guiyang City,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学药学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州中医药大学食品安全质量控制工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵阳市花溪区第一人民医院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第4期142-149,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82260741);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般251,黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般478);2021年国家自然科学基金后补助资金科研创新探索专项(2018YFC170610519)。

摘　　要：旨在开发一款绿色防控中药材种植中易发的红叶螨的生物农药,以辣椒提取物为原料,通过对6种乳化剂、消泡剂、防冻剂等种类的筛选和用量试验以及考察转相剪切转速,确定辣椒提取物纳米型水乳剂生物农药配方及制备工艺;同时以1.8%阿维菌素为阳性对照评估其抗虫效果。结果表明,单一乳化剂均不能形成稳定水乳剂,EL-40和S-20的乳化效果优于其他乳剂,且二者复配比例为9∶1时,乳化效果最佳,无析水、有少量析油;剪切转速考察发现,转速大于8 000 r/min时,不再析油;Zeta电位及纳米粒径分析仪显示,当剪切转速为9 000 r/min时,水乳剂粒径跨度值最小,为1.48;0.1%的消泡剂和2%的乙二醇可达到理想的消泡和防冻效果。杀虫效果显示,当该产品稀释100倍(6.3μg/mL)时,第4天累计趋避杀灭率达94.9%,显著高于其他稀释组和阳性对照,500倍液与阳性对照效果相当。综上,当生物农药的制备工艺为2%辣椒素稀释液、8%冬青油、2%乙二醇、0.1%消泡剂、10%复配乳化剂(EL-40∶S-20=9∶1)、80%蒸馏水,剪切转速为9 000 r/min时,该产品具有良好的杀灭红叶螨效果。The purpose of this study was to develop a green biological pesticide for the prevention and control of Tetranychus cinnbarinus that are prone to occur in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials,the extractive of Capsicum annuum(Linn) was used as raw material to screen and test the dosage of six emulsifiers,defoamers and antifreezes,and examine the rotational shear speed,the formula and preparation process of the biological pesticide of nano-emulsion in water from the extractive of Capsicum annuum(Linn) were determined.Simultaneously,1.8% of abamectin was used as the positive control to evaluate its insect-resistant effect.The results showed that a single emulsifier could not form a stable water emulsion.The emulsification effect of EL-40 and S-20 was better than that of other emulsifiers.When the ratio of the two was 9∶1,the emulsification effect was the best,with no water separation and a small amount of oil separation.It was found by examination of the rotational shear speed that when the rotational speed was greater than 8 000 r/min,the oil was no longer separated.Zeta potential and nano particle size analyzer showed that the particle size span of water emulsion was the smallest,which was 1.48,when the rotational speed was 9 000 r/min.0.1% of defoaming agent and 2% of ethylene glycol could achieve the ideal defoaming and antifreeze effect.The insecticidal effect showed that when the product was diluted 100 times(6.3 μg/mL),the cumulative repellent killing rate on the fourth day was 94.9%,which was significantly higher than that of other dilution groups and positive control group,and the effect of 500 times of liquid was equivalent to that of positive control group.In summary,the preparation process of biological pesticides was as follows:2% of extractive of Capsicum annuum(Linn) diluent,8% of holly oil,2% of ethylene glycol,0.1% of defoamer,10% of compound emulsifier(EL-40∶S-20 = 9∶1),80% of distilled water,and the rotational shear speed was 9 000 r/min,the product had a good effect on killing T

关 键 词：辣椒 辣椒素 纳米型 水乳剂 抗虫效果 

分 类 号：S482.1[农业科学—农药学]