细辛的毒性研究进展  

Research progress on the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma

作　　者：李昕 陈冉云 段淑倪 李依洁 周慧萍 刘闰平 孙蓉[4] Xin Li;Ranyun Chen;Shuni Duan;Yijie Li;Huiping Zhou;Runping Liu;Rong Sun(School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,China;School of Life Sciences,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,China;Department of Microbiology&Immunology,Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center,Richmond,VA,USA;The Second Hospital of Shandong University,Shan Dong University,Jinan,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中药学院,北京 [2]北京中医药大学生命科学学院,北京 [3]美国弗吉尼亚联邦大学微生物学与免疫学系,美国 [4]山东省第二医院山东大学,济南

出　　处：《Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine》2024年第2期197-208,I0007,共13页针灸和草药（英文）

基　　金：supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program on the Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2022YFC3502104 to R.L.and R.S.);the recipient of a Research Career Scientist Award from the Department of Veterans Affairs (IK6BX004477)。

摘　　要：细辛作为一种传统中药,具有祛风散寒、止痛、化痰等功效,然而,其显著的毒性一定程度限制了临床应用。本文整合了近年来对细辛毒性成分的研究进展,全面概述了细辛的毒性成分及其机制,探讨了其潜在的肝毒性、基因毒性、神经毒性和肺毒性及其相关的分子机制。本文总结了细辛的化学成分,主要包括挥发油、木脂素、脂肪酸、黄酮和含氮化合物等。重点探讨了细辛的肝毒性、遗传毒性、神经毒性和肺毒性,分析了相关的毒性成分和分子机制。综述强调了在临床应用中平衡细辛的治疗效益与毒性风险的重要性,建议未来研究应关注安全剂量的确定以及个体对细辛成分反应的差异。通过深入研究这些机制,可以更安全有效地利用细辛这一传统中药。Asari Radix et Rhizoma(ARR),also known as Xixin,has been broadly used as a traditional herbal medicine in East Asia and is an important component of classic prescriptions,including Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction.It was initially classified as a“top grade”herb in ancient Chinese Pharmacopeia,Shennong’s Materia Medica.Volatile oils,lignans,fatty acids,flavonoids,and nitrogen-containing compounds are the main ARR components.Previous pharmacological studies have shown that ARR exerts beneficial effects in humans for treating headaches,toothaches,and several inflammatory diseases by dispelling wind and cold,alleviating pain,and eliminating phlegm.However,“the dosage of ARR should not exceed one coin(approximately 3.75 grams),”as stated in Shizhen Li’s Compendium of Materia,which emphasized the considerable ARR toxicity and significantly constrained its clinical application.This review aimed to consolidate recent advancements in the understanding of the toxic ARR components.Additionally,we provide an overview of the hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,neurotoxicity,and pulmonary toxicity of ARR and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.This study reviews the limitations of current studies and enhances our understanding of the toxic effects of ARR from the perspective of its toxic components and mechanisms,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the rational clinical practice of ARR-based medications.

关 键 词：毒性成分 神经毒性 祛风散寒 肝毒性 安全剂量 基因毒性 肺毒性 含氮化合物 

分 类 号：R285.1[医药卫生—中药学]