动物资源犯罪认定的逻辑转向:从单层法益观到双层法益观  

The Logical Shift in Determination of Animal Resource Crimes:from Single-layer to Double-layer Legal Interest View

作　　者：刘梦 LIU Meng

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第4期112-119,共8页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：2023年江苏省研究生科研创新计划“双碳目标下生态环境犯罪中恢复性司法适用研究”(KYCX23_0211);四川医事卫生法治研究中心-中国卫生法学会2023年度科研青年项目“总体国家安全观下生物安全犯罪治理机制研究”(YF23-Q14);2023年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(202306090105)

摘　　要：我国近年来对破坏野生动物资源犯罪的相关刑事法规范进行了一系列立改废。当前的动物资源犯罪相关刑事立法与司法陷入了悖论式困境:从严惩治导向下犯罪圈与刑罚圈的扩大导致了泛刑法化困境;宽严相济政策下的若干限缩认定措施又存在着诸多实体与程序疑问。困境生成的根本原因在于对人类中心主义或生态中心主义的单一偏向。人类中心主义法益观具有“人本逻辑”的困境,生态中心主义法益观则具有“物本逻辑”的困境。单层的、平面的法益观难以完成动物资源保护与人类利益保全之间的衡平任务。应当摒弃单层法益观,转向以生态法益为阻挡层法益、人类法益为背后层法益的“阻挡层-背后层”双层法益观。刑法为了保护背后层法益,二者是手段与目的之关系。双层法益观之下,动物资源犯罪的犯罪认定与刑罚考量都需要采用从阻挡层审查到背后层审查的阶层式判断方法。在定罪阶段,如果行为没有侵害生态法益而保护阻挡层法益,就绝对不能将其认定为犯罪;如果行为对生态法益造成了侵害,但定罪处刑不仅无助于保护人类法益甚至与人类法益相冲突,就应具体探寻实质出罪的路径。在量刑阶段,行为人对生态法益与人类法益侵害程度的逐步加深,构成了加重或从重处罚的依据;行为人对生态法益与人类法益补救程度的逐步递增,则构成了从轻处罚的根据。The current criminal legislation and judiciary related to animal resource crimes in China have fallen into a paradoxical dilemma:the expansion of crime and punishment circles under the guidance of strict punishment has led to the dilemma of pan criminalization;there are many substantive and procedural questions regarding the implementation of certain restrictive measures under the policy of combining leniency and severity.The fundamental reason for the dilemma lies in a single bias towards anthropocentrism or ecocentrism.We should abandon the single-layer legal interest view and shift towards a double-layer legal interest view that takes ecological legal interests as the barrier layer and human legal interests as the back layer.In the conviction stage,if the behavior does not infringe on ecological legal interests,it cannot be considered a crime;If the behavior has caused infringement on ecological legal interests,but conviction and punishment not only do not help protect human legal interests,but also conflict with human legal interests,specific paths should be explored.In the sentencing stage,the gradual deepening of the degree of infringement on ecological and human legal interests by the perpetrator constitutes the basis for aggravated or heavier punishment;The gradual increase in the degree of remediation of ecological and human legal interests by the perpetrator constitutes the basis for lenient punishment.

关 键 词：动物资源犯罪 单层法益观 双层法益观 阻挡层 背后层 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]