京杭大运河全线贯通补水对地下水回补的影响  

Effect of ecological water replenishment on groundwater recharge in the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal

作　　者：马若绮 陈飞 程冠乔 史文龙 张雷[5] MA Ruoqi;CHEN Fei;CHENG Guanqiao;SHI Wenlong;ZHANG Lei(General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design,Beijing 100120,China;College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100871,China;Tianjin Zhongshui Technology Consulting Limited Liability Company,Tianjin 300170,China;School of Water Resources and Environment,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部水利水电规划设计总院,北京100120 [2]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871 [3]教育部水沙科学重点实验室,北京100871 [4]天津市中水科技咨询有限责任公司,天津300170 [5]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2024年第3期462-472,共11页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：水利部青年人才发展资助项目“京杭大运河贯通补水效果跟踪分析与补水模式优化研究”。

摘　　要：基于2022—2023年京杭大运河(小运河、卫运河、南运河、北运河、通惠河)全线贯通补水期间沿线419眼浅井和173眼深井地下水位监测数据,分析实施生态补水后河道的入渗水量以及河道沿线和灌溉水源置换区的地下水位变化。结果表明:相较小运河、北运河和通惠河等衬砌河道,卫运河和南运河渗透性较好,地下水回补效果更为显著;贯通补水后大运河河道周边0~10 km范围内浅层地下水位较去年同期回升0.48 m,3—5月春灌期取水过程中大运河沿线地下水位下降幅度减少了0.19 m,表明生态补水对地下水位恢复具有积极作用;河道周边地下水位对生态补水过程的响应有滞后,表现为距离河道越近,水位下降幅度越小;水源置换能够有效缓解因灌溉取水导致的水位下降,卫运河和南运河段农灌受水区深、浅层地下水位较去年同期分别回升3.17 m和0.27 m。重点对入渗性强、灌溉需水量高的河段持续实施生态补水,保证河道水量,能够更为有效地促进地下水水位回升。Ecological water replenishment is an important measure to improve the ecological environment of rivers and lakes and reduce the groundwater deficit.The dynamic change of groundwater level is the most intuitive index to evaluate the effect of the short-time ecological water replenishment.In order to scientifically evaluate the effect of the ecological water replenishment on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal since 2022,it is necessary to explore the dynamic changes of the groundwater levels in different reaches of the Grand Canal.Based on the groundwater level data from 419 phreatic water and 173 confined water monitoring wells along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal(the north section of the Yellow River,including Xiao Canal,Wei Canal,South Canal,North Canal,and Tonghui River)during the replenishment period in 2022-2023,the river channel infiltration was calculated by the water balance method,and the variations of the groundwater level was analyzed along the river channel and in the agricultural irrigation water source replacement regions.Results showed that:(1)The volume of ecological water replenishment for the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in 2023 was 926 million cubic meters,and the infiltration volume was 149 million cubic meters.Compared to the lining channels such as Xiao Canal,North Canal,and Tonghui River,Wei Canal and South Canal had a high permeability,which can recharge groundwater around the river channel more efficiency.(2)During the replenishment period,the phreatic water level in the range of 0~10 km around the river decreased 0.80 m,which confirmed that the current water replenishment amount is not enough to fully eliminate the impact of spring irrigation water withdrawals in March to May on the groundwater level.(3)The average decrease of groundwater level in regions beyond 10 km from the center line of the river channel(unaffected area)was 1.01 m.And the average decrease of groundwater level in regions within 10 km from the center line of the river channel was 0.80 m,which was significantly lower th

关 键 词：生态补水 京杭大运河 入渗强度 地下水位 水源置换 灌溉取水 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]