变极性等离子弧焊技术发展及其在航天制造领域应用现状  

Development of Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding Technology and Its Current Application Status in Aerospace Manufacturing

作　　者：蒋凡[1,2] 张成钰 徐斌 张国凯[1] 闫朝阳 陈树君[1,3] Jiang Fan;Zhang Chengyu;Xu Bin;Zhang Guokai;Yan Zhaoyang;Chen Shujun(Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Components,Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124;Laser Institute,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 370000;Institute of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学汽车零部件先进制造技术教育部工程研究中心,北京100124 [2]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)激光研究所,济南370000 [3]北京工业大学物质科学研究院,北京100124

出　　处：《航天制造技术》2024年第3期15-26,共12页Aerospace Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(523***01,522***02,523***08,523***07)。

摘　　要：变极性等离子弧(VariablePolarityPlasmaArc,VPPA)焊是一种高效的铝合金和镁合金焊接方法,其主要优势在于等离子电弧具有高能量密度,可以在焊接时穿透熔池形成小孔,大幅度降低焊接变形和残余应力,提高焊接质量。了解熔池小孔行为、电弧物理特性和控制方法对于优化和提高焊接过程的稳定性至关重要。本文综述了VPPA焊接技术发展的最新情况,对VPPA焊接过程信息的检测研究为深刻认识焊接稳定性机理提供了有力保障,尤其是利用X射线成像系统观测熔融金属流动的研究,对提升VPPA穿孔熔池物理本质的认识做出了重要贡献。此外,针对不同位置VPPA焊接的研究增加了这一焊接工艺的灵活性,由VPPA焊接衍生的多种拓展工艺拓宽了该焊接方法的适用范围。VPPA穿孔焊接技术以其焊接变形小、焊后无缺陷、单面焊接双面一次成形等优势,成为航空航天领域铝合金中厚板材焊接制造的优选工艺。Variable Polarity Plasma Arc(VPPA)welding is an efficient welding method for aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy.Its main advantage lies in the high energy density of the plasma arc,which can penetrate the molten pool to form small holes during welding,significantly reducing welding deformation and residual stress,and improving welding quality.Understanding the behavior of molten pool holes,arc physical characteristics,and control methods is crucial for optimizing and improving the stability of the welding process.This paper reviews the latest developments in VPPA welding technology.Research on detecting VPPA welding process information provides a strong guarantee for a profound understanding of welding stability mechanisms,especially the study of molten metal flow using X-ray imaging systems,which has made important contributions to enhancing the understanding of the physical nature of VPPA penetration pools.Additionally,research on VPPA welding at different positions has increased the flexibility of this welding process.Various extended processes derived from VPPA welding have expanded the applicability of this welding method.VPPA piercing welding technology,with its advantages of minimal welding deformation,defect-free welds,and single-sided welding for double-sided shaping at once,has become the preferred manufacturing process for welding aluminum alloy medium-thick plates in the aerospace industry.

关 键 词：变极性等离子弧焊 电弧物理 熔池检测 稳定性控制 复合焊接 

分 类 号：TG456.2[金属学及工艺—焊接] V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]