人工智能生成内容的可专利性及其制度回应  

Patentability of AI-Generated Content and Its Institutional Response

作　　者：张唯玮 张武军 孙雍君[2] Zhang Weiwei;Zhang Wujun;Sun Yongjun(School of Economics and Management,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;College of Arts and Law,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学文法学院,北京100083

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2024年第13期122-130,共9页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(23CFX089);国家知识产权局软科学研究项目(SS23-C-27)。

摘　　要：机器学习、计算机视觉、智能驾驶等人工智能技术得到日益广泛的应用,特别是近年来ChatGPT、Sora等以认知大模型为主的AI技术的加速迭代,将人类带入人工智能时代,人工智能正成为引领未来的新兴战略性技术。这些新质技术成果在给人类生活带来便捷的同时,也对社会秩序的诸多方面,如社会就业、网络安全、法律伦理等带来较大冲击。在知识产权领域,人工智能生成内容的可专利性及其权属等问题亟待廓清。在大多数国家的既有法律中未有人工智能生成内容相关规定,实践中极易引起相关权属、侵权纠纷,因此需要对现行专利权制度作出调整。从知识产权视角直面人工智能发展带来的冲击,分析人工智能生成内容的可专利性,认为无论是从AI生成内容的专利权客体属性,还是专利技术方案、专利“三性”等角度看,人工智能生成内容均具有可专利性。至于其专利权归属问题,涉及人工智能生成内容的AI研发者、所有者、使用者等多方利益主体,除各方事先或事后有约定外,应根据其实质性贡献认定发明人,并对AI生成内容专利申请的披露制度进行合理调适。The accelerated iteration of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies such as ChatGPT,Sora,and other AI technologies based on cognitive large model learning has brought mankind into the era of AI.It is well-acknowledged that AI is a strategic technology leading the future;however,it has been having serious impacts on many aspects of social order,such as social employment,network security,and legal ethics.In the field of intellectual property,the patentability of AI-generated content and its ownership need to be clarified urgently.AI-generated content is not explicitly regulated by existing laws in most countries,which is likely to cause related disputes over ownership and infringement,therefore,the current patent system needs to be adjusted.This paper focuses on the topic of AI-generated content,and analyzes its conflict with the current patent system.It argues that AI-generated content is patentable no matter from the perspective of the patent object,patent technology program,or patent"three characteristics".As for the attribution of the patent right,it involves the AI designer,owner,user and other interests in the AI-generated content.In the discussion of the patentee of AI-generated content,the study analyzes the inventor of AI-generated content in combination with the most typical DABUS invention patent application case.Only South Africa has become the first country in the world to recognize that DABUS can be an inventor and grant it a patent.Others,such as the United States,the United Kingdom,Europe,Germany,and South Korea,have successively rejected DABUS applications on the grounds that the inventor should be a natural person,determining that AI does not qualify as an inventor.In response to the urgent problem of whether,how and to what extent AI-generated content should be provided with patent protection,this paper puts forward a five-point proposal.First,the patent ownership of AI-generated content should be clarified.In accordance with the principle of interests balance in patent law,the principles of pri

关 键 词：人工智能生成内容 可专利性 权利归属 知识产权保护 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学]