化肥减量处理下蚯蚓-牛粪协同作用对菜薹生长及土壤中重金属锌、砷和铬含量的影响  

Synergistic effects of earthworms and cow manure on the growth of flowering Chinese cabbage and contents of heavy metals zinc, arsenic and chromium in soil under reduced chemical fertilization

作　　者：高富成 李海俊 穆晓国 高虎 张莹[1] 叶林[1] GAO Fucheng;LI Haijun;MU Xiaoguo;GAO Hu;ZHANG Ying;YE Lin(College of Enology and Horticulture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2024年第6期1078-1088,共11页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BBF02006);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BBF02019);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600300);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2017B03)。

摘　　要：为了探究化肥减量施用处理下协同施用蚯蚓-牛粪对菜薹生长及土壤重金属含量的影响,以菜薹和种植土壤为研究对象,采用盆栽试验方法,设置常规施肥(CK)、化肥减量30%+蚯蚓(CE)、腐熟牛粪+蚯蚓(FE)、化肥减量30%+腐熟牛粪(CFC)及化肥减量30%+腐熟牛粪+蚯蚓(CFE)共5个组别进行试验。结果表明,与CK相比,CFE处理显著提高了菜薹的生长性状指标(P<0.05),包括株高、茎粗、总根系长度、根系总表面积、根系总体积和平均单根直径等。同时,蚯蚓的引入优化了土壤结构,增加了土壤养分含量,与CK及CFC处理相比,CFE处理的土壤pH值显著降低(P<0.05);与CK相比,CFE处理的电导率(EC)、土壤有机质(SOM)含量、全氮(TN)含量、速效氮(AN)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。此外,与CK相比,CFE处理显著降低了土壤中的砷、铬含量(P<0.05),显著增加了锌含量(P<0.05)。关于土壤理化性状对菜薹生长影响的研究发现,全氮含量、速效氮含量和速效磷含量是能共同影响菜薹株高、茎粗的土壤理化性状,而电导率、土壤有机质含量则会显著影响菜薹总根系长度和根系活力。综上,化肥减量30%+腐熟牛粪+蚯蚓联合处理在促进菜薹生长发育、优化土壤理化性状及降低土壤重金属污染方面具有潜在应用价值。In order to investigate the effects of synergistic application of earthworms and cow manure under reduced chemical fertilizer application treatment on the growth of flowering Chinese cabbage and the contents of heavy metals in soil,a pot experiment was conducted using flowering Chinese cabbage and planting soil.Five groups of conventional fertilizer application(CK),30%reduction of chemical fertilizer+earthworms(CE),decomposed cow manure+earthworms(FE),30%reduction of chemical fertilizer+decomposed cow dung(CFC)and 30%reduction of chemical fertilizer+decomposed cow manure+earthworms(CFE)were tested.The results showed that compared with CK,CFE treatment significantly improved the growth trait indexes of flowering Chinese cabbage(P<0.05),including plant height,stem diameter,total root length,total root surface area,total root volume and average root diameter.Meanwhile,the introduction of earthworms optimized the soil structure and increased the soil nutrient content.Compared with CK and CFC treatments,the soil pH in CFE treatment decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with CK,the electrical conductivity(EC),soil organic matter(SOM)content,total nitrogen(TN)content,and available nitrogen(AN)content in CFE treatment were significantly increased(P<0.05).In addition,compared with CK,CFE treatment significantly reduced the contents of arsenic and chromium in soil(P<0.05),and significantly increased the content of zinc(P<0.05).Studies on the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the growth of flowering Chinese cabbage found that total nitrogen content,available nitrogen content and available phosphorus content were the soil physicochemical properties that jointly affected the height and stem diameter of flowering Chinese cabbage,whereas electrical conductivity and organic matter content significantly affected flowering Chinese cabbage root length and root vigour.In conclusion,the combined treatment of 30%reduction of chemical fertilizer+decomposed cow manure+earthworms has potential application value in promotin

关 键 词：化肥减量 蚯蚓 重金属 菜薹 土壤理化性状 

分 类 号：S634.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]