元、迎、探、惜“四春”与“原应叹息”关系辨析  

The Analysis of the Relationship between Yuan,Ying,Tan,and Xi These“Four Springs”and“Origin,Welcoming,Exploring and Destruction”

作　　者：杨子彦[1,2] YANG Ziyan(Institute of Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Bejjing 100732,China;School of Literature,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院大学文学院,北京102488

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第4期67-73,共7页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20@ZH026)。

摘　　要：元、迎、探、惜“四春”作为十二钗中的姊妹共同体,关于她们的阐释最为经典的是脂砚斋的“原应叹息”。具体来说,元春为“原”,在传统文化中和王政、天道相关,贾元春即“假元春”,是全书的基调;迎、探、惜“三春”分别对应“应”“叹”“息”,代表故事发展的三个阶段,是小说的一条结构线索:迎、探、惜“三春”故事展开是在贾府,主要人物从四面汇聚于此,是“迎”也是“应”;元春省亲后,各种势力、观念相互博弈,是“探”也是“叹”;最后贾府衰败,大厦倾覆,人物死散,是“惜”也是“息”。元春与迎、探、惜“三春”相合,和其中作为弱势群体的草木之人相互映照,共同构成了一部末世悲剧交响曲。As the sister community of the Twelve Beauties,the most classic interpretation of Yuan,Ying,Tan,and Xi these“four springs”is the“origin,welcoming,exploring and destruction”of Zhiyanzhai.Specifically,Yuan Chun is known as“origin”,which is related to the rights of rulers and natural law in tra⁃ditional culture.Jia Yuanchun,also known as“Fake Yuan Chun”is the tone of the entire book;Welcoming,exploring,and destruction the“three springs”correspond to“Ying”,“Tan”and“Xi”respectively,repre⁃senting the three stages of story development,which is a structural clue of the novel.The story of“Ying”,“Tan”and“Xi”these“three springs”unfolds in the Jia Mansion,where the main characters gather from all sides,both“Ying”and“welcoming”.After the Spring Festival,various forces and concepts played games with each other,both“Tan”and“exploring”;In the end,the decline of the Jia Mansion,the collapse of the building,and the death and dispersion of the characters were both“Xi”and“destruction”.The combina⁃tion of Yuan Chun and Ying,Tan,and Xi these“three springs”,together with the reflection of the vulnera⁃ble groups of grass and trees,constitutes a symphony of tragedy in the end of the world.

关 键 词：“四春” 草木 末世 《红楼梦》 

分 类 号：I206.7[文学—中国文学]