利用扣件位置关系定位图像边缘处不完整扣件的方法  

A method for locating incomplete fasteners at the image edge using fastener position relationship

作　　者：盛永强 陈兴杰[1] 吕照民 SHENG Yongqiang;CHEN Xingjie;LÜZhaoming(School of Urban Railway Transportation,Shanghai University of Engineering and Technology,Shanghai 201600,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201600

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第6期2252-2260,共9页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：上海市科委重点支撑项目(180305013007)。

摘　　要：扣件定位在扣件检测过程中具有至关重要的作用,其准确性直接关系到后续检测的可靠性。在使用线阵相机采集扣件图像时,扣件在图像中的位置并不固定,将会导致同一扣件可能横跨连续的2张图像,并在图像边缘处被截断。本文将这些被截断的扣件称为不完整扣件,其上半部分和下半部分分别出现在2张连续图像边缘处。不完整扣件由于形状缺失,难以定位其位置,从而降低了扣件检测的可靠性。为解决上述问题,本文提出一种利用扣件位置关系定位不完整扣件的方法。首先,通过像素统计法定位原始图像中的钢轨位置,并基于先验知识获得包含钢轨和扣件的原始图像子图,本文称所获得子图像为条形钢轨图;然后,拼接条形钢轨图,保证图像内存在多对扣件;接着,利用模板匹配获得与扣件模板最相似的位置,再利用该位置信息以及扣件之间的位置关系判断图像中是否存在不完整扣件并获取不完整扣件位置信息;最后,将2部分不完整扣件拼合为一张完整的扣件图像。研究结果表明,本文提出的方法能够100%定位采集图像中115对不完整扣件图像。研究结果具有实际工程价值,能够有效地解决图像边缘处不完整扣件定位问题,提高扣件检测的可靠性。Fastener positioning is a critical aspect of the fastener inspection process,directly influencing the reliability of the subsequent inspection.When a line array camera is used to acquire fastener images,the position of the fastener in the image is not fixed,which leads to the possibility that the same fastener may straddle two consecutive images and be truncated at the edge of the image.In this paper,these truncated fasteners were referred to as incomplete fasteners,whose upper and lower halves appeared at the edges of the two consecutive images,respectively.Locating the positions of these incomplete fasteners proved challenging due to their missing shapes,subsequently diminishing the reliability of fastener detection.In order to solve the above problems,this paper proposed a method for locating incomplete fasteners by using the fastener position relationship.Initially,the rail position in the original image was determined using a pixel statistics method.Subsequently,the original image sub-map containing rails and fasteners,termed the strip rail image,was acquired based on prior knowledge.The line-shaped rail map was then split to ensure the presence of multiple pairs of fasteners in the image.Next,template matching was employed to identify the most similar position to the fastener template.This information,combined with the positional relationship between fasteners,was utilized to identify incomplete fasteners within the image.The process involved determining whether there are incomplete fasteners and acquiring their position information.Ultimately,template matching was employed to assemble the two parts of the incomplete fasteners into a complete fastener image.The results show that the method proposed in this paper can locate 115 pairs of incomplete fasteners in 100%of the acquired images.The results have practical engineering value and can effectively solve the problem of locating incomplete fasteners at the edge of the image and improve the reliability of fastener detection.

关 键 词：铁路扣件 扣件定位 像素统计 模板匹配 位置关系 

分 类 号：U213.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]