数据知识产权登记:商业秘密模式抑或数据库模式  

Data Intellectual Property Registration:Trade Secret Model or Database Model

作　　者：吕炳斌[1] Lv Bingbin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2024年第6期62-79,共18页Intellectual Property

摘　　要：数据知识产权登记试点实践的背后隐含着商业秘密模式和数据库模式的理论分歧。数据的商业秘密保护存在影响数据访问、阻碍数据流通利用的负面效应,不值得在制度上予以强化激励。与其通过商业秘密模式寻求数据与知识产权的关联,不如转向数据库模式。我国数据知识产权登记实践中普遍存在“数据结构”要求,与欧盟的数据库概念具有相通之处。“数据结构”可以体现数据集合的智力成果属性。在大数据时代,数据知识产权保护具有超越传统的数据库保护的内涵。相比欧盟“限缩保护范围—权能宽泛模糊”的数据库特殊权利范式,我国可以选择“扩张保护范围—限缩权利内容”的对应范式,从而适应数字时代数据财产保护的新需求,打造数据库保护的中国升级版。Behind the pilot practice of data intellectual property registration lies an implied theoretical controversy between the trade secret model and the database model.Trade secret protection of data has the negative effect of affecting data access and hindering data circulation and utilization,which does not justify strengthening institutional incentives.Instead of pursuing the connection between data and intellectual property through the trade secret model,the database model is preferable.The requirement for"data structure"is common in the practice of data intellectual property registration in China,which is similar to the concept of database in the EU."Data structure"can reflect the attributes of intellectual output of the data collection.In the era of big data,data intellectual property protection has a connotation beyond traditional database protection.Compared to the EU's sui generis right paradigm of"limited scope of protection-broad and vague rights"for databases,China can choose a paradigm of"expanded scope of protection-limited content of rights",thereby meeting the new demands of data property protection in the digital era,and establishing an enhanced Chinese version of database protection.

关 键 词：数据知识产权 商业秘密 数据库特殊权利 数据结构 智力成果属性 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] F204[政治法律—民商法学] D923[政治法律—法学] D922.294