终身教职制度对培养青年科技人才的影响机制——基于两所美国顶尖高校的分析  

The Impact Mechanism of the Tenure on the Young Scientific and Technological Talent Cultivating:Analysis Based on Two Top American Universities

作　　者：刘杨 周建中 Liu Yang;Zhou Jianzhong(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2024年第11期148-154,共7页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为导向的科技人才评价体系研究”(21ZDA016)。

摘　　要：选取哈佛大学和伯克利大学加州分校两所美国顶尖高校,对终身教职制度在制度功能、制度标准和制度实践等方面的介绍、比较与研究分析。发现美国终身教职制度在制度功能方面,维护学术自由,强调自我提升;在制度标准方面,明确重点目标,引导助力发展;在制度实践方面,尊重客体差异性,强调考核全面性。结合中国高校“准聘—长聘”制度的现状与问题,提出强化人才培养与人才选拔并重的制度内涵,制定兼备指导意义和可操作性的制度标准以及贯彻遵循人才成长规律的科学化制度理念等建议。This paper selects two top universities in the United States,Harvard University and Berkeley University of California,to introduce,compare and analyze the institutional functions,institutional standards and institutional practices of the Tenure.It is found that in terms of institutional functions,the Tenure safeguards academic freedom and emphasizes self-improvement;in terms of institutional standards,it clarifies key objectives and guides and supports individual development;in terms of institutional practice,it respects the differences of objects and emphasizes comprehensive assessment.Based on the current situation and problems of the Tenure-track System in Chinese universities,it is suggested to strengthen the institutional content stressing both talent cultivation and talent selection,establish institutional standards with both guiding significance and operability,and implement scientific institutional concepts following the laws of talent growth.

关 键 词：终身教职制度 青年科技人才 人才培养 案例研究 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学] G301[文化科学—教育学]