科技资源配置效率研究述评及数字时代下的研究展望  

A Review of the Research on the Allocation Efficiency of Scientific and Technological Resources and the Prospect of Research in the Digital Age

作　　者：张晓明 施海柳[2] Zhang Xiaoming;Shi Hailiu(School of Business Administration,Fujian Jiangxia University;School of Electronic Information Science,Fujian Jiangxia University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福建江夏学院工商管理学院 [2]福建江夏学院电子信息科学学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2024年第12期61-69,共9页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国产业核心技术原始创新的突破口与实现路径研究”(20AJY004);福建省自然科学基金项目“科技资源配置效率测度及提升路径研究”(2021J011229);福建省社会科学基金项目“区域科技资源配置效率测度及优化路径研究”(FJ2021B145)。

摘　　要：近年来我国稳居世界第二大研发投入国,但科技资源配置效率还有待进一步提升。为更加科学地测度科技资源配置效率,从而优化资源配置路径、完善配置机制,助力科技创新,从传统科技资源配置效率的概念内涵和测度对象、方法、指标体系等维度对中外相关文献进行系统梳理,厘清领域研究动态和发展趋势,分析相关指标体系常见问题以及提出改进建议,并结合数字化技术优势提出展望。基于中国知网和Elsevier/Springer收录的2000年以来58篇相关文献的分析结果显示:测度对象中,以针对地区等中观层面的研究最为丰富,并以面板数据为主,但科技资源配置效率较低的区域未得到较深入、有针对性的研究;测度方法一般采用经典的多元统计分析方法、计量分析方法等,近10年采用最多的是数据包络分析方法,也不乏采用多种方法 /模型的组合,但利用大数据技术基于全样本的研究较为缺乏;测度指标体系通常包括科技资源的投入和产出指标体系,分别设置有一二级指标甚至更多级别的指标,但指标构建在系统性、科学性和独立性等方面仍有待改进,其中一级指标财力资源投入中未包括R&D经费外部支出、科技信息资源指标下的各二级指标项均已包含在科技财力资源的一级指标中、知识形态产出中包含多项相关性较强的二级指标等。基于此,针对上述存在问题,依据《中国科技统计年鉴》等权威信息文献,改进构建新的区域整体科技资源配置效率测度指标体系,其中以科技人力资源和科技财力资源作为决定性投入要素,选择R&D人员全时当量、R&D经费内外部总支出分别纳入相应的二级指标中。最后基于数字时代背景,展望科技资源配置效率研究的领域延伸、方法改进、指标完善和政策支持,强调单列数据要素作为科技资源优化配置的测度指标,使科技资源配置方式更加智�In recent years,China has been the world's second largest R&D investor,but the efficiency of science and technology resource allocation in China needs to be further improved.In order to measure the allocation efficiency of science and technology resources more scientifically,optimize the allocation path,improve the allocation mechanism,and help scientific and technological innovation,this paper systematically combs the existing literature on the allocation efficiency of traditional science and technology resources from the aspects of concept connotation and the object,method,index system,and other dimensions of the measurement,makes clear the research and development trends in the field,further analyzes the common problems of related index system are and puts forward suggestions and prospects based on the advantages of digital technology.The analysis results from 58 related documents collected since 2000 based on CNKI and Elsevier/Springer show that:among the measurement objects,the most abundant researches are on the mesolevel such as regions,and the panel data are the main ones.However,the regions with low allocation efficiency of science and technology resources have not received in-depth and targeted researches. The measurement methodsgenerally adopt classical multivariate statistical analysis methods and quantitative analysis methods, etc. In recent 10years, the most used method is data enveloping analysis, and there are also many other combinations of methods/models. However, there are few researches based on full samples using big data technology. The measurement indexsystem usually includes the input and output index system of scientific and technological resources, with one or twolevels of indicators or even more, but the index construction still needs to be improved in terms of systematicness,scientificity, and independence, such as the first-level financial resource investment does not include the externalexpenditure of R&D funds, the second-level indicators under the index of scientific and technologi

关 键 词：科技资源配置效率 效率测度方法 区域科技资源 数据包络分析方法 投入-产出指标 指标改进 资源配置 数字技术 

分 类 号：G252.8[文化科学—图书馆学] F204[经济管理—国民经济] G301