基于热线数据的心理健康风险探赜与治理策略——以广东省12355热线为例  

Mental Health Risk Probe and Governance Strategies Based on Hotline Data:A Large Sample Survey from Guangdong 12355 Psychological Hotline

作　　者：李凌鸥 LI Ling’ou(College of Youth Public Welfare and Volunteer,Guangdong Provincial School of CCYL,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510550,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省团校(广东青年政治学院)青年公益与志愿者学院,广东广州510550

出　　处：《社会工作与管理》2024年第4期63-75,共13页Social Work and Management

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划共建项目“基于大数据的青少年心理风险识别、传导机理与防治机制研究——以广东省12355热线实证调查为例”(GD23XSH08);广东省教育厅普通高校特色创新类项目“高校大学生心理潜在风险的识别与预警干预机制研究——基于广东12355热线大样本数据调查”(2023WTSCX171);广州市哲学社会科学发展“十四五”规划共建课题“《未成年人保护法》修订背景下未成年人保护状况研究”(2022GZGJ193)。

摘　　要：文章基于广东省12355青少年心理热线的海量数据,选取中小学生样本近4万例,通过单因素方差分析和卡方检验展示了三种类型心理求助的差异性、平台回应机制,并借助多因素Logistic回归分析探讨中小学生心理健康的影响因素,构建风险预测模型。研究显示,来电的中小学生心理健康状况基本良好,但存在一定比例的心理失调和心理高危情况;热线数据变量与心理健康存在相关性,个体、家庭、环境三大因素均显著影响中小学生心理健康;风险预测模型可以较好地预测中小学生心理健康水平。研究发现,初中生及非在校生是心理问题高发人群;学业压力是触发心理问题的主因;男生和女生在不同维度上有不同的心理表现;心理求助量持续上升,但现有配套资源与支持难以满足需求;热线来电存在时空分布的内在规律及不均衡性。因此,应加强数据要素应用,使政府决策更加科学化;利用数字技术赋能人工服务,使社会治理更精准化;缩小城乡区域间的数字鸿沟,使公共服务更现代化。这三个策略能够提升“依据数据治理”的成效,从源头做好风险控制,让12355热线成为心理健康工作的“预警器”和“安全阀”。This study analyzes a 40,000 sample of primary and secondary school students from the extensive data from 12355 psychological hotline in Guangdong Province.Adopting one-way ANOVA and Chi-square test,the study has demonstrated the differences and platform response mechanisms of the three types of psychological help.Additionally,it has built a multi-factor Logistic regression model and a risk prediction model on the influencing factors of students’mental health levels..The results show that most students have good mental health,while a proportion of them have psychological disorders and high risk.There is a correlation between the variables of hotline data and mental health.It is found that individual,family and environmental factors all significantly affect students’mental health.The risk prediction model effectively predicts the mental health level of students,and it identifies that primary school students and dropouts have a higher incidence of psychological problems.Academic pressure is the main cause of triggering problems.Furthermore,the study observes gender differences in different dimensions of students’mental health.The study has noted a rising demand for psychological counseling with insufficient resources to meet such demand.The study has also found that hotline calls follow a periodic time distribution.Based on these findings,the study suggests establishing a provincial mental health database and an early warning mechanism to improve student mental health services.Data governance should also be improved to enhance the efficiency of hotline psychological services.More resources should be allocated to underdeveloped areas to narrow the urban-rural divide.

关 键 词：心理热线 数据治理 心理健康 风险预测 中小学生 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]