量子理论信息诠释的进展、问题与解决  

Progress,Problems,and Solutions in the Interpretation of Quantum Theory Information

作　　者：吴国林[1] 熊飞雷 Wu Guolin;Xiong Feilei

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学哲学与科技高等研究所

出　　处：《哲学动态》2024年第6期95-104,F0003,共11页Philosophical Trends

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代量子诠释学研究”(编号19ZDA038);国家社会科学基金青年项目“量子理论信息诠释的哲学研究”(编号23CZX051);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“开放量子系统的哲学研究”(编号22YJCZH198)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在量子理论的诠释领域,近年来出现一类新的诠释,它们不再基于实体运动,而是基于信息处理对量子理论进行解读。这类诠释始于罗韦利的关系性量子力学,近些年又衍生出许多新分支和新方向,并产生了日益重要的影响。它们在诠释中引进了新的哲学倾向——现象学特征。经由现象学还原,量子态不再指向物理实体本身,而是指向物理实体的系综及实体间的关系。信息诠释导致了量子理论诠释上的变革,在其框架下避免了非决定论的疑难和态塌缩等问题。Quantum theory has long grappled with foundational issues such as the measurement problem.Over the past century,physicists have developed numerous interpretations of quantum theory to address these challenges,yet no single interpretation has achieved universal acceptance.In the past three decades,the integration of information science and quantum mechanics has led to a new category of quantum theory interpretations.These interpretations take information processing as their logical starting point,rather than the motion of physical entities in spacetime.This family of interpretations began with Rovelli's relational quantum mechanics and has since expanded to include QBism and other branches.Over more than two decades,these interpretations have made significant strides toward establishing a principled theory,yielding profound implications in fields like quantum gravity.They have managed to bypass issues such as wave function collapse and introduced numerous novel philosophical ideas.Information-based interpretations incorporate phenomenological characteristics,enabling a more rigorous examination of quantum theory through processes of suspension and reduction.This approach avoids the pitfalls of introducing unobservable entities to satisfy realism,while revealing more aspects of the quantum world than anti-realist interpretations.In these interpretations,the fundamental theoretical entity,the quantum state,no longer directly represents physical entities themselves but rather the ensembles they form and the relationships between them.This positioning between realism and anti-realism is key to avoiding the measurement problem.However,information-based interpretations face two major criticisms.The first criticism concerns their adequacy.Responses to this critique highlight the peculiar nature of matter under these interpretations:objects composed of matter possess attributes corresponding to their natural classes,but they lose their state-specific accidental properties.The second criticism focuses on the issue of non-d

关 键 词：量子理论 信息诠释 现象学 测量问题 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论] O413[理学—理论物理]