工业机器人应用、超级明星企业与劳动收入份额变动:“利好”与“隐忧”并存  

Industrial Robot, Superstar Firms and Labor Income Share Changes:Coexistence of“ Boon” and“ Worry”

作　　者：陈东[1] 姚笛 郑玉璐 CHEN Dong;YAO Di;ZHENG Yu-lu(School of Economics,Shandong University;Business School,China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院 [2]中国政法大学商学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2024年第5期97-115,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“人工智能对企业间工资差距的影响机理与对策研究”(批准号21BJY097)。

摘　　要：工业机器人技术普及的过程也是企业市场份额分化的过程,有可能导致市场势力增强和要素收入分配变化。本文从超级明星企业出发,考察了工业机器人应用对企业劳动收入份额的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,工业机器人应用整体上有利于提升企业劳动收入份额,对改善劳动要素在初次收入分配中的地位呈现“利好”趋势,并在不同企业、不同地区和不同行业中具有明显的异质性;不可忽视的“隐忧”在于,工业机器人应用通过提高企业在行业中的相对市场势力促进了超级明星企业的兴起,而超级明星企业通过“竞争效应”和“示范效应”共同影响劳动收入份额,其中,“竞争效应”是劳动收入份额下降的主因,“示范效应”是劳动收入份额下降的新因。反垄断政策有助于改善劳动收入份额,但不适用于由工业机器人应用引致的市场势力扩张问题,超级明星企业抑制劳动收入份额的“隐忧”依然存在。在“机器换人”愈演愈烈的趋势下,本文为应对超级明星企业给要素收入分配带来的“隐忧”提供了经验启示。As one of the core technologies of the ongoing technological revolution,industrial robots have the potential to impact income distribution among production factors.Superstar firms,with their combined advantages in funding and scale,are at the forefront of adopting industrial robots,playing a significant role in this process.This paper,centered on superstar firms,examines the impact of industrial robot applications on labor income share and the underlying mechanisms.It holds significant implications for China in formulating more reasonable policies regarding factor income distribution.Drawing inspiration from existing literature,this paper constructs a theoretical framework to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which industrial robot applications contribute to the formation of“superstar effects”and ultimately lead to a decline in labor income share within firms.It thereby contributes to existing research on how new technologies drive the“superstar effect”.Using data from Chinese industrial firms between 2000 and 2015,this paper employs double fixed-effect and difference-in-differences models to empirically validate the theoretical analysis,providing theoretical and practical support for formulating more equitable income distribution policies in China.The findings reveal that industrial robot applications generally have a“boon”on labor income share,with significant heterogeneity across firms,regions,and industries.However,from the perspective of superstar firms,the application of industrial robots can exacerbate the“superstar effect”,posing a“worry”about a stronger downward trend in labor income share.An analysis of the logic behind the“worry”shows that superstar firms mainly influence the labor income share through the“competitive effect”and“demonstration effect”.The former,driven by superstar firms’adoption of industrial robots,is the primary cause,while the latter is an emerging factor.Testing the Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China as a quasi-natural

关 键 词：工业机器人应用 劳动收入份额 超级明星企业 竞争效应 示范效应 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济]