基于形体特征层次分析的概念设计原型评价与演化方法  

Evaluation and evolution method of conceptual design prototypes based on shape feature hierarchical analysis

作　　者：徐敬华[1] 王林轩 陈前勇 张树有[1] 谭建荣[1] 费少梅[1] XU Jinghua;WANG Linxuan;CHEN Qianyong;ZHANG Shuyou;TAN Jianrong;FEI Shaomei(Institute of Design Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学设计工程研究所,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《机械设计》2024年第5期1-12,共12页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3303303);浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGG22E050010);浙江大学IDEA2022创新设计项目(188170-11102);浙江大学本科教学创新实践项目(2024)。

摘　　要：为对概念设计原型进行定量评价,实现具有形位公差需求的机械零件成形时间与制造质量之间的均衡,提出一种基于形体特征层次分析(Shape Feature Hierarchical Analysis,SFHA)的概念设计原型评价与演化方法。针对概念设计形体的孔和轴的形态特性,采用最大内切圆柱和最小外接圆柱构建特征模型,计算由分层策略所导致偏移的实际轴线位置,推算圆柱度误差大小。进行基于形位公差的自适应分层,在保证圆柱度等公差满足设计需求的情况下尽可能减少所需层数。通过改进粒子群算法进行非凸优化求解,遴选出最优的分层序列。计算特征层次化模型向正平面V(XOZ)和侧平面W(YOZ)的平行正投影面积及绝对梯度变化,实现基于SFHA的概念设计原型特征定量化描述与动态演化。以典型支座零件为例进行验证,采用熔融沉积成形设备进行物理试验,基于高精度结构光三维扫描仪获取原型零件的圆柱度误差,相较于均匀分层方法,所提出的SFHA方法制造时间可减少26.97%。To achieve quantitative evaluation of conceptual design prototype,further balance the contradiction between form⁃ing time and manufacturing quality of mechanical conceptual prototypes with geometric tolerance requirements in layer⁃wised man⁃ufacturing process,an evaluation and evolution method of conceptual design prototypes based on Shape Feature Hierarchical Anal⁃ysis(SFHA)is proposed.For the shape characteristics of conceptual designed holes and shafts,feature models are constructed using the maximum inscribed cylinder and minimum circumscribed cylinder,respectively.The actual axial position displacement caused by the variation in layer thickness is calculated,enabling a more accurate determination of the cylindricity error magni⁃tude.Adaptive slicing based on cylindricity tolerance is performed to minimize the fabricating time required for three⁃dimensional printing,while ensuring that cylindricity and other tolerances meet design requirements.The improved particle swarm algorithm(PSO)is employed for non⁃convex optimization,obtaining the optimal slice sequence.The area of parallel orthogonal projection to the vertical plane V(XOZ)and wall plane W(YOZ)of the feature hierarchy model and corresponding absolute gradient chan⁃ges are calculated to realize the quantification description and dynamic evolution of features via SFHA.The effectiveness of the SFHA method is validated using typical bracket parts with cylindricity tolerance.Mechanical structure models with adaptive slices are manufactured using a fused deposition modeling device,and the cylindricity errors of prototype parts are obtained based on a high⁃precision structured light three⁃dimensional scanner.Compared to the traditional method of uniformly layering to satisfy toler⁃ance requirements,the proposed SFHA method can reduce manufacturing time by 26.97%.

关 键 词：形体特征层次分析 形位公差 概念设计原型 圆柱度公差 非凸优化 

分 类 号：TP391.7[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]