18世纪中叶以来天山北麓水利制度变革与生态环境变迁——以宽沟小流域为中心的考察  

Water Conservancy System Reform and Ecological Environment Changes in the Northern Foot of Tianshan Mountains since the Mid-18th Century——Based on A Case Study of the Kuangou Basin

作　　者：李媛[1] 罗意[1] Li Yuan;Luo Yi

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学,新疆乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期86-94,共9页Journal of Qinghai Minzu University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新疆牧区乡村振兴进程中优化牧民生计策略调查研究”(项目编号:22BMZ009)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：生态环境问题不仅制约着经济发展也危及人类生存安全,对生态环境变迁原因的探讨是解决生态环境恶化问题进而实现生态文明建设的前提。本文以18世纪中叶以来天山北麓宽沟小流域水利开发的过程为例,结合史料文献、档案资料和田野调查材料,从制度视角讨论资源利用与生态环境变迁之间的关系,以此回应政治生态学的相关研究,深化对生态环境变迁的认识。通过对宽沟个案的分析发现,水利制度变革与生态环境变迁是一对互构的关系,即水利制度通过作用于水资源开发进而影响生态环境,每一次的环境变化又会引起相应的制度反思,从而产生新的制度,而此过程中制度实践者的抉择是关键。因此,应将地方群体的抉择纳入历时与共时的双重维度下探讨制度与环境变迁的相互过程。The ecological environment problem not only restricts the economic development but also endangers the security of human existence.The discussion on the causes of the ecological environment changes is the prerequisite to solve the problem of ecological environment deterioration and realize the construction of ecological civilization.Taking the development process of water conservancy in Kuangou basin at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains since the Qing Dynasty as an example,this paper combines historical documents,archives and field investigation materials to discuss the relationship between resource utilization and ecological environment changes from the institutional perspective,so as to respond to the relevant research of political ecology and deepen the understanding of ecological environment evolution.Through the analysis on the case of Kuangou,it is found that the reform of the water conservancy system and the change of the ecological environment are mutually constructive,that is,the water conservancy system affects the ecological environment by acting on the development of water resources,and every environmental change will cause the corresponding institutional reflection,resulting in the emergence of a new system.In this process,the choice of the system practitioner is the key.Therefore,the paper holds that the mutual process of institutional and environmental changes should be discussed by integrating the choice of local groups into diachronic and synchronic dimensions.

关 键 词：水资源开发 水利制度变革 生态环境变迁 互构 

分 类 号：C956[社会学—民族学]