社会投资视角下农村留守儿童社会支持政策的反思与构建  

Reflection and Reconstruction of Social Supportive Policy for Left-Behind Children in Rural China From the Perspective of Social Investment

作　　者：周春芳[1] ZHOU Chunfang

机构地区：[1]江苏省社会科学院农村发展研究所,江苏南京210004

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期143-152,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“生命历程视角下留守经历的长期效应与社会支持体系研究”(22BJY248)。

摘　　要：“以儿童为中心”的社会投资战略已成为发达国家社会政策的新趋向。因城镇化巨大的虹吸效应,农村传统差序格局下以血缘、地缘为主的先赋性儿童照料资源日趋消解,农村留守家庭劳动力再生产能力不足,以“农村留守儿童关爱体系”为主要内容的社会政策进入公共政策领域。然而,从社会投资的视角来看,我国农村留守儿童政策尚缺乏“支持家庭”“多元共治”等理念,“事后补缺型”的制度设计难以满足农村留守儿童和家庭的发展性需求,可能会通过降低未来人力资本增加贫困代际传递的风险。要实现“社会救助”向“社会投资”的理念转变,应以提升农村留守儿童及其家庭发展能力为根本,从导致亲子分离的制度根源入手,利用服务供给、时间补偿等“支持家庭”手段,构建政府、家庭、社会等“多中心协同治理”的社会支持体系,为农村留守儿童及其家庭提供普惠性的公共资源,以切断先赋性弱势与“留守事件”的链接机制。The child-centered social investment strategy has become a new trend in developed countries’social policies.Based on the hierarchical pattern,Chinese rural traditional child care resources are established on kinship and geographical relationship.This ascribed resources get exhausted because of tremendous siphon effects of urbanization.Therefore,social policies centered on“care system for leftbehind children in rural areas”has become the main part of Chinese public policy.However,the existing“narrow”public policy for left-behind children in rural areas in our country still lacks the ethos of“supporting families”and“diverse governance”,and it is difficult to meet the needs of rural left-behind children and their families with the design of“remedying deficiencies post hoc”,which makes it difficult to meet the developmental needs of rural left-behind children and their families,and may increase the risk of intergenerational transmission of poverty by reducing future human capital.To shift from“social assistance”to“social investment”,it is essential to enhance the development capabilities of rural left-behind children and their families fundamentally.On the basis of elimination of institutional roots that lead to parent-child separation,it’s a must to provide inclusive public resources by exploiting policy tools such as economic support and service supply and reconstruct the“multi-center collaborative governance”social policy system to sever the link between inherent vulnerability and“left-behind incidents”.

关 键 词：农村留守儿童 社会投资理念 先赋性照料资源 社会支持政策 

分 类 号：C92.05[社会学—人口学]