陈嘉庚在南洋华商遭遇欧战挫败以后的觉醒  

Tan Kah Kee's Awakening after the Failure of Chinese Businessmen due to the European War

作　　者： WANG Chenfa

机构地区：[1]马来西亚道理书院 [2]中国闽南师范大学

出　　处：《文化软实力》2024年第2期38-50,共13页Cultural Soft Power

摘　　要：欧战时期,马来亚处在亚洲战区,是协约国战争资源的大后方,因战争需要大量原产品而曾经带动南洋经济一时繁华;但南洋华人因资金与人力分散,大量集中在原产品领域,战后一旦出现橡胶供过于求,就会由于其本身没有能力左右国际市场,以及应变亏损能力薄弱,而不断遭受殖民政策压迫和灾祸转嫁,从而在全球不景气的背景下被迫接受外资兼并。与此同时,日本自第一次世界大战后得以扩张南洋属地,并以华人为商战对象,这进一步使华人经济雪上加霜。即便如陈嘉庚这类大规模从事原产品加工产业的民族资本家亦难幸免。但陈嘉庚的可贵之处在于:他始终坚守对现实实际的判断,对民族资本和工农百姓所遭受的悲剧抱持深刻同情,并由此选择了批判列强殖民、反思资本制度以及支持亚洲民族反殖民运动的社会主义道路。During the European War,Malaya was in the Asian war zone and served as the rear area of the Allied war resources.The war required a large number of raw products,which once drove the Nanyang economy to a temporary prosperity.However,the Nanyang Chinese also invited a future disaster for themselves while they dispersed too much funds and manpower to concentrated a large number of raw materials for the supporting of wartime economy.Once there was an oversupply of rubber after the war,Chinese were lack of influence on the international market.And because of their inability to cope with losses,they were repeatedly oppressed by colonial policies that repeatedly passing the losses on to them,and suffered from repeated global recessions in the long term.As a result,Chinese were forced to accept foreign mergers and acquisitions.At the same time,Japan had expand its Southeast Asian territories since World War I,also victimized the Nanyang Chinese as their target of expulsion in commercial war,which further made the Nanyang Chinese economy worse.Even if national capitalists like Tan Kah Kee,who originally was a British subject who enjoyed colonial comprador relationship and were engaged in raw products on a large scale,tried to set up their own cross-border rubber products market,he still could not escape from colonial capitalism and eventually being identified as an important merging target by the British capital scheming plan.The reason why Tan Kah Kee's thoughts are valuable lies in his judgment of reality.He could objectively and emotionally experience the tragedy that national capital and workers and peasants were suffering,and thus chose the socialist path of criticizing colonial powers,reflecting on the capital system,and supporting the anti-colonial movements of Asian nations.

关 键 词：爱国主义 陈嘉庚精神 南洋华商 反殖民运动 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济] F119[历史地理—历史学] K338.4[历史地理—世界史] B825[哲学宗教—伦理学]