校园微观环境对留守儿童学业表现的影响  

The Impacts of School Microenvironment on Left-behind Children's Academic Performance

作　　者：刘婉琳 张庆 黄炜 Wanlin Liu;Qing Zhang;Wei Huang(School of International Trade and Economics,University of International Business and Economics;School of Economics,Fudan University;China Center of Economic Research,National School of Development,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院 [2]复旦大学经济学院 [3]北京大学国家发展研究院中国经济研究中心

出　　处：《经济学报》2024年第2期447-488,共42页China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号72373003,名称:人力资本外部性与经济高质量增长:现象、机制和影响);国家自然科学基金青年项目(编号72203036,名称:数字经济背景下的区域劳动力市场发展:理论机制与政策评估研究)的资助。

摘　　要：本文主要考察校园微观环境对留守儿童学业表现的影响。本文利用具有全国代表性的教育调查数据,选取符合随机分班原则的学校样本,有效缓解了文献中普遍面临的内生性问题,从学习成绩、认知能力、心理健康等多个维度刻画留守儿童教育现状。更进一步,通过考察教师特征与同伴质量这两个维度的校园环境特征对留守儿童学业表现的影响,本文研究发现:(1)教师层面,女性班主任及班主任为优秀教师可显著提高留守儿童学业表现,教师学历和教龄对留守儿童无显著影响;(2)班级同学层面,问题儿童比例增加对留守儿童学业表现有显著的负面影响;(3)进一步的考察发现,教师和同伴特征会通过影响教师的教学方式、工作投入以及学生的学习态度,进而影响留守儿童的学业表现。本文的研究为全面了解留守儿童教育现状、短期内最大化利用现有的教育资源,为留守儿童提供更加优质的求学环境提供了经验证据与启示。This paper examines the effect of teacher and peer characteristics on leftbehind student outcomes.In this study,we exploit a nationally representative survey of middle school students in China and focus on schools that randomly assign students to classrooms.We find that:First,from the teacher aspect,female head-teacher and headteacher's credential status could improve left-behind students'test scores.However,teacher's prior experience and education level have no significant effects on left-behind students'academic performance;Second,from peer aspect,a higher proportion of repeated children in class has negative effects on left-behind students'performance.Third,teachers and peers'characteristics can influence teachers'teaching methods,engagement,and students'learning motivation,which in turn affect the academic performance of left-behind children.Our study provides a multi-dimensional description on left-behind children's educational achievements,and shed light on the debate concerning how to improve these children's status.

关 键 词：城市化 城乡分割 留守儿童 人力资本 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]