中学教师心理健康问题的特点、影响因素与发展趋势  

Features,Influencing Factors,and Development Trends of Mental Health Problems among Secondary School Teachers

作　　者：陈紫薇 于晓琪 俞国良 CHEN Ziwei;YU Xiaoqi;YU Guoliang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国人民大学教育学刊》2024年第3期144-155,共12页Renmin University of China Education Journal

基　　金：中国人民大学心理健康教育跨学科重大创新规划平台支持。

摘　　要：近二十年,随着教师教育改革不断深化,中学教师工作各方面发生了变化,对其心理健康问题产生影响。为探索中学教师近二十年心理健康问题的特点、影响因素和发展趋势,本研究采取横断历史研究方法,纳入1998—2020年的100项研究(n=30729)进行元分析,所有研究均使用SCL-90量表,报告了中学教师焦虑、抑郁、躯体化、强迫、偏执和敌对问题六个心理健康问题指标。结果发现:(1)1998—2020年,中学教师心理健康问题整体呈上升趋势;(2)初中教师、班主任教师和乡村教师心理健康问题更加严重,且随年份恶化;(3)居民消费水平、学校数量、教师数量正向预测中学教师心理健康问题;(4)中学教师心理健康问题将在未来一段时间内平稳波动。总之,改善中学教师心理健康状况,应该把握趋势,拖住中学教师心理健康问题恶化的脚步;从宏观、中观、微观三层次入手,整体提升中学教师心理健康水平;重点突破,关注问题严重的困境教师群体,降低其心理健康问题水平。In the past two decades,with deepening of education reform,middle school teachers'work become heavier.The mental health problems of secondary school teachers have increased.In order to explore the characteristics,influencing factors,and development trends of mental health problems of secondary school teachers in the past two decades,this study adopted a crosstemporal metaanalysis,including 100 studies(n=30729)from 1998 to 2020.All studies reported six mental health problems indicators of anxiety,depression,somatization,obsessivecompulsive,paranoid,and hostile problems among secondary school teachers,as measured by SCL-90.The results showed that:①From 1998 to 2020,the mental health problems of secondary school teachers were on the rise;②The mental health problems of junior high school teachers,homeroom teachers,and rural teachers were more serious and worsened with the increase of time;③The level of residents'consumption,the number of schools,and the number of teachers positively predicted the mental health problems of secondary school teachers;and④It was predicted that the mental health of secondary school teachers would develop steadily in the future.All in all,to improve the mental health of secondary school teachers,we should:①grasp the trend and stop the deterioration of the mental health of secondary school teachers;②improve the mental health level of secondary school teachers as a whole,starting from the macro,middle and micro levels;and③reduce the mental health of teachers with serious problems to break through the key point.

关 键 词：中学教师 心理健康问题 横断历史研究 元分析 时间序列分析 

分 类 号：G443[哲学宗教—心理学]