论生命意识中的终极关怀  

Analysis on Ultimate Care in the Life Consciousness

作　　者：陈新汉[1] CHEN Xin-han

机构地区：[1]上海大学哲学系,上海200444

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期23-31,I0002,共10页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：生命意识是生命的本体论规定,是生存意识和生活意识的统一。“终极”作为由“终”和“极”组成的联合式复合词,其词义既与终端又与顶端相联系。与“死”相对应的生命过程的终端词义和与“生”相对应的生命意义的顶端词义相结合,就构成了人生的终极意蕴。终极关怀就是生命意识对人生终极意蕴的“终极地关怀”,是生命意识的必然,以“趋生避死”为旨归,把消解死亡恐惧作为“避死”的首要内容,把筹划到最本己的能在作为“趋生”的根本目的。终极关怀通过终极信仰,使信仰在信念基础上确立,从而在与初级关怀相对应行为目的的设定及其坚守中发生作用。人文精神作为最有影响的社会价值观念,会对个体生命活动中的终极关怀产生影响:主体意识的发展,越来越深刻地把人生终端和顶端的终极意蕴转化为终极关怀;追求自由意识的发展,不断赋予终极关怀时代特征;批判意识的发展,使终极关怀的本己性尽可能地展现其固有的“达到‘尽善尽美性’的冲动”。生命意识中“趋生避死”的要求是必然的,然而这个要求最终不可能实现也是必然的,这两个“必然”揭示了人生的“悲剧性的冲突”,构成了终极关怀中的悲剧意识。但正是这一悲剧意识所体现的个体在“趋生避死”中“明知不可为而为之”的崇高形象,使生命意识熠熠生辉。Life consciousness is the ontological regulation of life and the unity of survival consciousness and life consciousness.终极(ultimate)is a conjunctive compound word whose meaning is related to terminal and vertex.The ultimate meaning of the life process corresponding to“death”is combined with the supreme meaning of life corresponding to“life”,which constitutes the ultimate meaning of life.Ultimate care is an inevitable requirement of life consciousness and aims at“surviving and avoiding death”,with eliminating the fear of death as the main content of“avoiding death”,and planning to realize the most self-existing existence as the fundamental purpose of“survival”.Ultimate care,through ultimate belief,enables belief to be established on the basis of faith,thus acting in the behavior corresponding to primary care.The humanistic spirit is the most influential social value,which affects the ultimate care in individual life activities:the development of the subjective consciousness is becoming more and more profound,and the ultimate of life is transformed into the ultimate care;the pursuit of the development of free consciousness,and constantly endow it with the characteristics of the ultimate care era;The development of critical consciousness allows the essence of ultimate care to manifest as much as possible its intrinsic“impulse to‘perfection’”.The requirement of“life and not death”in the consciousness of life is inevitable,but the impossible realization of this requirement is also inevitable.These two“inevitabilities”reveal the“tragic conflict”of life and constitute the tragic consciousness in ultimate care.This tragic consciousness embodies the noble image of“knowing that you can't do it”,and makes the consciousness of life shine brightly.

关 键 词：生命意识 终极关怀 终极信仰 人文精神 悲剧意识 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]