比丘林1834年《大学》俄译本手稿初探  

Research on Bichurin's Manuscript of the Russian Translation Da-sio or the Highest Doctrine in 1834

作　　者：刘淼[1] Liu Miao

机构地区：[1]北京大学

出　　处：《中国俄语教学》2024年第2期70-80,共11页Russian in China

基　　金：国家重大文化工程“全球汉籍合璧工程”专项(HBY201911)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：俄国汉学家比丘林1834年翻译的《大学》译本内容丰富,语言准确,系迄今为止最详尽的《大学》外译本之一。该译本虽以手稿形式保存,暂未出版,但具备很高的研究价值。本文以该部手稿为基础,从历史背景、底本考证、译本结构、学术价值四个层面对手稿进行了描写与分析。研究表明,该部手稿以清代坊间的应举用书为底本,在引介儒家经典的同时,还能够为俄国汉语教学提供高质量教材。译本不仅包括《大学》原文和朱熹章句,还涵盖了历代诸儒辑要、书塾讲义、人物考等多项内容。手稿将科举制度下中国文人对儒家经典的释义与解读原汁原味地译成了俄语,对俄国汉学的奠基与发展、对俄罗斯了解中国传统文化做出了重要贡献。The translation of Da-sio or the Highest Doctrine by the Russian sinologist N.Ya.Bichurin in 1834 is notable for its extensive content and linguistic precision,ranking among the most comprehensive foreign translations of Four Books to date.Despite being preserved only in manuscript form and not having been published,it holds significant scholarly value.The study is based on this manuscript as the primary source in four aspects:historical context,verification of the original in Chinese,the structural composition of the translation,and its academic value.The findings indicate that the original text for Bichurin's manuscript was a textbook for the Imperial Examinations(Ke Ju)during the Qing Dynasty.This manuscript not only facilitates the dissemination of Confucian classics but also serves as a high-quality pedagogical resource for teaching the Chinese language in Russia.Translation includes the original text of Dasio,Zhu Xi's interpretation,explanations by renowned scholars on the text of Da-sio,explanations on Zhu Xi's interpretation by the textbook author,and source studies of historical figures and events.By authentically reproducing the original Da-sio and interpretations by Chinese scholars within the context of the Imperial Examinations into Russian,the manuscript makes an indelible contribution to the foundation and development of Russian sinology and Russia's understanding of Chinese traditional culture.

关 键 词：比丘林 《大学》俄译本 1834年手稿 清代应举用书 

分 类 号：H35[语言文字—俄语]