西班牙流感在英属马来亚的传染与华人社会的应对  

Transmission of the Spanish Influenza in British Malaya and the Response of the Chinese Community

作　　者： 陈爱梅[1] Chen Jinling;Chen Aimei

机构地区：[1]马来西亚拉曼大学中华研究院,马来西亚金宝31900

出　　处：《八桂侨刊》2024年第2期77-86,96,共11页Overseas Chinese Journal of Bagui

摘　　要：1918年西班牙流感席卷英属马来亚,虽然爆发时间短暂,但其影响广泛,社会各阶层均受其波及。根据既有研究,这场瘟疫所导致的死亡率为1%~1.25%,面对疫病冲击,当地华人社会如何自救?文章主要透过英殖民档案,当时的中英报章,以及当代的口述历史,建构被遗忘的马来亚疫情史,除了提出英殖民政府对疫情反应缓慢是造成疫情扩散的原因外,也重构马来亚,尤其是华人社会在疫情发生时期的互助精神。华人的应对分为两方面:物质层面上,中医慈善机构成立救济基金,为患者提供施医赠药服务;精神层面上,人们相信举办游神赛会能够驱散疫病之气,保境平安。In 1918,the Spanish Influenza swept through British Malaya,causing widespread impact despite its brief duration.Various social strata were affected by this epidemic.Based on existing research,the mortality rate caused by this pandemic ranged from 1%to 1.25%.How did the local Chinese community in British Malaya cope with this epidemic?This article primarily relies on British colonial archives,contemporary Chinese and English newspapers,as well as oral histories,to reconstruct the forgotten history of the epidemic in Malaya.Apart from highlighting the slow response of the British colonial government as a cause of the epidemic's spread,it also reconstructs the mutual assistance spirit of Malaya,especially the Chinese community during the epidemic.The Chinese response was twofold.On a material level,charitable Chinese medical institutions established relief funds to provide medical treatment and medicine to patients.On a spiritual level,people believed that holding deity processions could dispel the miasma of the epidemic and ensure peace in the region.

关 键 词：1918年西班牙流感 英属马来亚 互助 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生] D634.3[政治法律—政治学]