宅基地使用权流转的合宪性分析  

Analyzing the Constitutionality of the Transfer of Rural Residential Land Use Rights

作　　者：刘恒科 Liu Hengke

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院法律系

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2024年第1期123-133,共11页Law and Modernization

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“要素市场化配置改革导向下宅基地使用权流转的理论证成与制度构造研究”(22YJA820011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着宅基地“三权分置”政策和地方改革试点深入推进,宅基地使用权流转问题受到学界关注,相关论争背后是宅基地使用权流转的合宪性命题。现行立法坚持农户居住自用、禁止向集体外流转的基本立场,反映出成员居住保障、农地农用、涨价归公等基于集体所有制的目的制约,彰显宅基地作为“公共财产”需要“合理利用”的宪法意涵。同时,宅基地使用权应当是集体成员的一项基本财产权利,宅基地制度改革政策以“扩权赋能”为基本方向,正是还原了宅基地使用权的基本权利属性。宅基地使用权流转与坚持集体土地所有制并不矛盾,现行法上相关限制性规定不具有合宪性。宅基地使用权在赋权流转的同时,应基于“合理使用”受到规划和用途管制之限制。With the deepening implementation of the“Three Rights Separation”policy and local reform pilots for the use of rural residential land,the issue of the transferability of rural residential land use rights has garnered attention in academic circles.The constitutional proposition behind the related debates lies in the legitimacy of the transferability of rural residential land use rights.Current legislation adheres to the basic position of allowing rural households to reside and use land for self-occupation while prohibiting its transfer outside the collective.This reflects constraints based on the purposes of collective ownership,such as ensuring members'residential security,using land for agriculture,and preventing speculative price increases,underscoring the constitutional implication that rural residential land,as“public property”,requires“reasonable utilization”.At the same time,the right to use rural residential land should be considered a fundamental property right of collective members.The policies of rural residential land system reforms,emphasizing“empowering and expanding rights”,aim to restore the rights to use rural residential land as a type of basic rights.The transferability of rural residential land use rights is not contradictory to maintaining collective land ownership,and the current restrictive provisions in legislation lack constitutional validity.While empowering the transfer of rural residential land use rights,there should be limitations based on“reasonable use”,subject to planning and usage controls.

关 键 词：集体土地所有制 宅基地使用权 流转 合宪性 

分 类 号：D922.32[政治法律—法学] D923.2