肇庆市青少年近视及危险因素的流行病学调查研究  

Epidemiological investigation of myopia and its risk factors in Zhaoqing City

作　　者：姚倩 杨业洲 夏鸿慧 范卫 YAO Qian;YANG Ye-zhou;XIA Hong-hui(Ophthalmology Department,Gaoyao District People's Hospital,Zhaoqing 526000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省肇庆市高要区人民医院眼科,526000 [2]肇庆市疾控中心,526060

出　　处：《中国实用医药》2024年第12期62-66,共5页China Practical Medicine

基　　金：肇庆市科技创新指导类项目(项目编号:202004031213)。

摘　　要：目的 调查肇庆市青少年近视的流行病学特征及近视影响因素。方法 研究纳入肇庆市青少年2052例,收集信息行数据分析,并对近视相关因素进行单因素及Logistic多因素回归分析。结果 2052例肇庆市端州区青少年,以年级为单位进行分组,其中一年级154例,二年级156例,三年级161例,四年级159例,五年级155例,六年级157例,初一154例,初二153例,初三131例,高一143例,高二144例,高三145例,职高一77例,职高二77例,职高三86例;男生1183例,女生869例。近视的总患病率为37.1%(762/2052),其中小学21.1%(199/942),初中39.7%(174/438),高中58.6%(253/432),职高56.7%(136/240);男生的近视患病率为33.0%(390/1183),女生的近视患病率为42.8%(372/869)。视力不良的总患病率为66.3%(1360/2052),其中小学58.3%(549/942),初中69.2%(303/438),高中83.8%(362/432),职高60.8%(146/240);近视占视力不良的比例为56.0%(762/1360)。每天做作业时间、每周参加补习班时间、读写时胸口离桌子边沿超过一拳、读写时眼睛距离书本超过一尺、每天看电视时间、每天用电脑的时间、在阳光直射下看书或电子屏幕、天黑后看电子屏幕时关灯、躺着或趴着看书或电子屏幕、走路或乘车时看书或电子屏幕、天黑后在家读书写字用什么灯光、用电脑时眼睛距离电脑显示屏的距离>66 cm、看电视玩电视游戏时眼睛距离电视显示屏的距离>3 m、在近距离用眼时眼睛多长时间休息一次、父母是否近视是近视发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,做作业时间1~2 h、无补习班、胸口离桌子边沿经常超过一拳是近视发生的保护因素(OR=0.355、0.304、0.632,P<0.05),眼睛距离书本偶尔超过一尺、每天看电视时间0~1 h、总是走路或乘车时看书或电子屏幕、父母都近视是近视发生的危险因素(OR=2.167、2.316、2.722、1.489, P<0.05)。结论 肇庆市青少年的近视患病率高,应在校园及生活Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of myopia among adolescents in Zhaoqing City.Methods 2052 adolescents from Zhaoqing City were collected for data analysis,andsingle-factor and Logistic regression analysis were conducted on myopia-related factors.Results A total of 2052 cases of adolescents in Duonzhou District of Zhaoqing City were included,grouped by grade,including 154 cases in first grade,156 cases in second grade,161 cases in third grade,159 cases in forth grade,155 cases in fifth grade,157 cases in sixth grade,154 cases in first year of junior high school,153 cases in second year of junior high school,131 cases in third year of junior high school,143 cases in Senior 1,144 cases in Senior 2,145 cases in Senior 3,77 cases in Grade 1 of vocational high school,77 cases in Grade 2 of vocational high school,86 cases in Grade 3 of vocational high school.There were 1183 boys and 869 girls.The total prevalence of myopia was 37.1%(762/2052),including 21.1%(199/942)in primary school,39.7%(174/438)in junior high school,58.6%(253/432)in senior high school and 56.7%(136/240)in vocational high school.The prevalence of myopia was 33.0%(390/1183)in boys and 42.8%(372/869)in girls.The total prevalence of poor vision was 66.3%(1360/2052),including 58.3%(549/942)in primary school,69.2%(303/438)in junior high school,83.8%(362/432)in senior high school and 60.8%(146/240)in vocational high school.The prevalence of myopia in poor vision was 56.0%(762/1360).Time to do homework every day,time to attend tutoring classes every week,more than one fist from the edge of the table when reading and writing,more than one foot away from the book when reading and writing,time to watch TV every day,time to use the computer every day,time to read books or electronic screens in direct sunlight,time to turn off the light when looking at electronic screens after dark,reading books or electronic screens while lying or lying on your stomach,reading books or electronic screens while walking or riding

关 键 词：近视 流行病学 肇庆市 影响因素 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]