单亲家庭大学生自杀风险影响因素分析  

Influencing factors of suicide risk among university students from singleparent families in China:an online cross-sectional study

作　　者：侯威威 鲁小华 侯文鹏[1,2] 周福春 王传跃[1,2] HOU Weiwei;LU Xiaohua;HOU Wenpeng;ZHOU Fuchun;WANG Chuanyue(Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders&National Center for Mental Disorders,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia,Beijing Anding Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100088,China;Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China;Counseling Center,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京安定医院,国家精神疾病医学中心,国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心,精神疾病诊断与治疗北京市重点实验室,北京脑重大疾病研究院精神分裂症研究所,北京100088 [2]首都医科大学人脑保护高精尖创新中心,北京100069 [3]北京交通大学学生心理素质教育中心,北京100044

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2024年第4期496-502,共7页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82171501)。

摘　　要：目的探究单亲家庭大学生自杀风险的影响因素。方法于2023年3—4月采取方便抽样方法,在北京某高校选取1465名单亲家庭大学生,使用自杀行为问卷修订版、广泛性焦虑量表、患者健康问卷、社区精神病性体验评估问卷、创伤后应激障碍检查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、孤独感量表进行在线问卷调查。结果单亲家庭大学生自杀风险、焦虑、抑郁、精神病性体验、睡眠质量问题、创伤后应激障碍的阳性检出率分别为13.0%、8.3%、13.4%、11.9%、19.9%、19.7%;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.94,95%CI=1.37~2.75)、独生子女(OR=1.50,95%CI=1.05~2.16)、抑郁(OR=2.20,95%CI=1.45~3.35)、高精神病性体验(OR=2.78,95%CI=1.82~4.23)、睡眠质量问题(OR=1.95,95%CI=1.32~2.89)、较高的孤独感(OR=1.15,95%CI=1.09~1.20)为单亲家庭大学生高自杀危险因素,当前学历为研究生(OR=0.43,95%CI=0.29~0.65)是单亲家庭大学生高自杀风险的保护因素。结论单亲家庭大学生自杀风险的发生受多种因素影响,在学校心理健康工作中应关注单亲家庭学生的心理健康问题,并针对性地开展干预工作。Objective To investigate the influencing factors of suicide risk among university students from singleparent families.Methods A total of 1721 individuals from single-parent families(where the parents are single or widowed)were recruited using convenience sampling from 23163 students at a university in Beijing for an online survey conducted between March and April 2023.The following instruments were used in the study:Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire–Revised(SBQ-R),Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9),15-item positive subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences(CAPE-P15),Posttraumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD)Checklist–Civilian(PCL-C),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the short form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale(UCL-6).Results Among the 1465 participants with valid responses,the detection rates for high suicide risk(SBQ-R score≥7),anxiety(GAD-7 score≥10),depression(PHQ-9 score≥10),high psychotic-like experiences(CAPE-P15 score≥23),sleep quality problems,and PTSD(PCL-C score≥38)were 13.0%,8.3%,13.4%,11.9%,19.9%,and 19.7%,respectively.A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that among university students from single-parent households,being female(odds ratio[OR]=1.94,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.37–2.75),being an only child(OR=1.50,95%CI:1.05–2.16),having depression(OR=2.20,95%CI:1.45–3.35),having high levels of psychotic-like experiences(OR=2.78,95%CI:1.82–4.23),experiencing poor sleep quality(OR=1.95,95%CI:1.32–2.89),and feeling more alone(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.09–0.20)were risk factors for high suicide risk.Conversely,being a graduate student(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29–0.65)served as a protective factor against high suicide risk.Conclusion Many factors influence the likelihood of suicide among university students from single-parent households.Targeted treatment and consideration of the mental health concerns of students from single-parent households should be part of the mental health work in universities.

关 键 词：单亲家庭 自杀风险 影响因素 大学生 

分 类 号：G645.5[文化科学—高等教育学] R749[文化科学—教育学]