中国食用菌出口贸易现状、风险及对策  

Current Situation,Risks and Countermeasures of China′s Edible Fungi Export Trade

作　　者：马驰宇 王雪晴 米志鹃 MA Chiyu;WANG Xueqing;MI Zhijuan(School of Economics,Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150028;School of Finance,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,Dalian,Liaoning 116012;School of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineering Vocational College,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150025)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨商业大学经济学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150028 [2]东北财经大学金融学院,辽宁大连116012 [3]黑龙江农业工程职业学院农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第12期142-149,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅重点课题资助项目(SJGZZ2020054)。

摘　　要：基于中国海关数据库HS编码,筛选和分类汇总蘑菇菌丝、鲜或冷藏类食用菌、冷冻类食用菌、盐水(暂时保藏)类食用菌、干制类食用菌、食用菌罐头共6类产品2015—2022年的出口贸易总额和出口量,分析食用菌出口产品结构和主要出口贸易伙伴及其产品结构,并对出口贸易方式加以总结,以期促进中国食用菌贸易发展,增强食用菌贸易出口核心竞争优势,提升应对贸易保护主义的能力,为实现贸易经济高质量发展添砖加瓦。结果表明:干品类、罐头类食用菌仍占据主要出口地位,但鲜或冷藏类食用菌产品或可借助“一带一路”贸易便利化措施斩获新的增长机遇。通过梳理2015—2023年食用菌出口贸易受阻情况发现,要充分保障食用菌食品安全,进一步提升中国食用菌产业的国际竞争力,一是在国家立法层面上,完善规则标准,推进绿色生产转型;二是在地方政府层面上,打造地域品牌,细分市场精准营销;三是在政企合作层面上,应用先进技术,构建循环生态生产模式。The study was based on the HS code of the Chinese Customs database,screening and categorizing the total export trade volume and export quantity of six types of products,mushroom mycelium,fresh or refrigerated edible fungi,frozen edible fungi,saltwater(temporarily preserved)edible fungi,dried edible fungi,and canned edible fungi from 2015 to 2022.The study analyzed the structure of edible fungi export products,main export trade partners,and their product structures,and summarized the export trade methods.In order to promote the development of China′s edible fungi trade,enhance the core competitive advantage of edible fungi trade exports,improve the ability to respond to trade protectionism,and contribute to the high-quality development of trade economy.The data showed that dried and canned edible fungi still occupy the main export position,but fresh or refrigerated edible fungi products may gain new growth opportunities with the help of the‘the Belt and Road’trade facilitation measures.By sorting out the situation of hindered export trade of edible fungi from 2015 to 2023,it was found that in order to fully ensure the safety of edible fungi food and further enhance the international competitiveness of China′s edible fungi industry,one side was the national legislative level,it was necessary to improve rules and standards and promote the transformation of green production;on the other side was the local government level,policy maker need to build regional brands and segment markets for precise marketing;in addition was the level of government enterprise cooperation,advanced technology should be applied to build a circular ecological production model.

关 键 词：食用菌 出口贸易 贸易壁垒 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]