学生高考升学信息获取差异与“信息鸿沟”跨越  

The Differences in Students' Access to Information on College Enrollments and the Narrowing of the Information Gap

作　　者：吴秋翔 Wu Qiuxiang(School of Education,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872

出　　处：《教育研究》2024年第6期53-62,共10页Educational Research

摘　　要：在新高考改革背景下,学生升学选择的自主权与灵活度增大,用以支持升学选择的信息愈发重要。然而,不同社会经济地位学生间存在“信息鸿沟”,不仅体现在学生可获得升学信息的数量与质量上,还体现在他们的信息搜索行为以及对信息的处理方式上。本研究基于西部某县级市高三学生样本,通过混合方法探究社会经济地位对学生获取升学信息过程和行为的影响。研究发现,社会经济地位对信息渠道的影响表现在对他人信息与网络信息的使用上。不同社会经济地位的学生通过个人或家庭构建了基于人的信息支持网络,纵向与横向上支持结构的延展差异产生了高度异质性的信息流动。学生网络渠道的使用受到偏好与策略的双重影响,是社会支持结构在网络信息渠道上的具体映射。缩小“信息鸿沟”需要落实公共机构承担的信息发布职责,优化官方网络升学信息平台使用,规范高考升学指导机构等市场化服务,推动高中普及职业生涯教育;通过逐步构建基于“家庭—公共机构—市场”的信息支持环境,促进高考信息平等与教育公平。In the context of the reform of the new college entrance examinations, senior high school students tend to be more autonomous and flexible in their choices of further education, and the information used to support their choices is becoming increasingly important. However, there is an "information gap" between high school students differing in socioeconomic status, which is reflected not only in the quantity and quality of information available to them for further education, but also in their information search and processing. This study, based on a sample of certain senior high school students in a county-level city in Western China and a mixed-methods approach, explores the impact of their socioeconomic status on their information-seeking process and behavior. The results show the following: Socioeconomic status has an impact on information channels, especially the use of information from others and from the Internet;those students differing in socioeconomic status build individual-based information-supporting networks through individuals or families, and the extended differences in vertical and horizontal supporting structures produce highly heterogeneous information flows. Students' use of online channels is affected by their preferences and strategies, which is a specific reflection of social support structures on online information channels. To narrow the "information gap," we need to make public institutions exercise their duty to issue information, optimize the use of official online information platforms for college entrance examinations, standardize the market-oriented service from college entrance examination guidance institutions, and promote the popularization of career education in senior high schools;and build an informationsupporting environment based on the "families—public institutions—the market" concept to promote information equality and educational equity in college entrance examinations.

关 键 词：高考志愿 高等教育 信息鸿沟 社会经济地位 

分 类 号：G637.3[文化科学—教育学]