人类活动对青藏高原东缘兴隆山国家级自然保护区马麝(Moschus chrysogaster)生境的影响  

Impacts of anthropogenic activities on the habitat of musk deer in the Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：李海萍[1] 昝僚 周鑫[1] 张荣红 王功 祁军 孟秀祥 LI Haiping;ZAN Liao;ZHOU Xin;ZHANG Ronghong;WANG Gong;QI Jun;MENG Xiuxiang(Renmin University of China,School of Ecology&Environment,Beijing 100872,China;Gansu Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve,Lanzhou 730117,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学生态环境学院,北京100872 [2]甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区管护中心,兰州730117 [3]西藏大学生态环境学院,拉萨850000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第6期1920-1927,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32170489,32211530443);甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区第二次科学考察项目资助。

摘　　要：人类活动可对野生动物的生境适宜性及生境利用格局产生显著影响,自然保护区的建立能在一定程度上减少乃至避免人类活动对野生动物的过度干扰。甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区位于青藏高原东缘,其主要保护对象野生马麝(Moschus chrysogaster)已极度濒危,被列为国家一级重点保护野生动物。为探究人类活动对兴隆山自然保护区内及周边马麝生境已造成的影响,本研究采用2017年和2022年高分卫星数据,通过标准差椭圆计算法、景观格局指数和空间叠加等方法分析这五年来人类活动对马麝生境造成的变化情况。结果表明:(1)兴隆山保护区内及周边区域的人类活动具有明显的方向性,与西北-东南方向的道路和居民点集中分布方向基本一致,角度介于东偏南36°~54°;(2)农田和建设用地斑块数量增加,加之平均斑块面积变小,导致马麝生境破碎化程度不断增加;(3)保护区内的马麝适宜生境面积萎缩明显,保护区及其周边区域的马麝适宜生境(294.27 km^(2))与现有保护区的空间分布存在差异,但部分马麝适宜生境(103.05 km^(2))在保护区之外,可考虑扩大自然保护区面积,将这部分马麝的适宜生境纳入保护区管理范围。Human activities have significant effects on the habitat suitability and utilization of wildlife.The establishment of nature reserves can,to a certain extent,reduce or even avoid excessive human interference with wildlife.The Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province is located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Alpine musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster)protected in this reserve,is critically endangered and has been listed as a national key protected species.To investigate the impacts of anthropogenic activities on the habitat of musk deer within and around the Xinglongshan Nature Reserve,we analyzed the changes in musk deer habitat caused by human activities with high-resolution satellite data in 2017 and 2022 and the methods such as the standard deviation ellipse calculation,landscape pattern indices and spatial overlay.The results showed that:(1)Human activities within and around the reserve exhibited a clear directionality,which was closely aligned with the concentrated distribution of roads and residential areas in the northwest to southeast direction,with angles ranging from 36°to 54°south by east.(2)The number of patches of farmland and construction land increased,coupled with a decrease in the average patch size,increasing habitat fragmentation.(3)The suitable habitat areas within the reserve shrank obviously.The spatial distribution of suitable habitat(294.27 km^(2))of musk deer in the reserve and its surrounding area was different from that of the existing protected area.Some suitable habitat(103.05 km^(2))was outside the reserve,which should be included into the reserve.

关 键 词：马麝 生境适宜性 人类活动 潜在适宜生境 甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]