不同浓度沼液及施用方式对小白菜生长效果的影响  

Effects of different concentrations and application methods of liquid digestate on the growth of Chinese cabbage

作　　者：娄雨 李艳[1] 姜灵伟 李明新 王琦璋 马继涛 林聪[1] 段娜[1] LOU Yu;LIYan;JIANG Lingwei;LI Mingxin;WANG Qizhang;MA Jitao;LIN Cong;DUAN Na(College of Water Resources&Civil Engineering/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of MOARA,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;SanheYingsheng Bioenergy Technology Co,Ltd.,Langfang 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院/农业农村部设施农业工程重点实验室,北京100083 [2]三河市盈盛生物能源科技股份有限公司,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第8期86-94,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(52261145701);国家自然科学基金项目(51861125103)。

摘　　要：为解决目前沼气工程存在的沼液处理难、现代农业化肥施用过量的问题,将不同稀释比例的沼液进行微生物菌剂预处理,获得不同浓度沼液液体肥,探究不同浓度沼液及其施用方式(叶面喷施和浇灌)对盆栽小白菜生长指标、光合指标和品质指标的影响。结果表明:(1)低浓度沼液通过叶面喷施可以促进小白菜的生长发育,施用稀释15~20倍的沼液效果最优;(2)高浓度沼液通过浇灌方式能够明显提高小白菜的各项生长品质指标,效果优于仅施尿素的化肥处理组,最佳施用方案为稀释1.5倍;(3)在相同氮素水平下,高浓度沼液浇灌对小白菜生长和品质的促进效果明显优于低浓度沼液叶面喷施。高浓度沼液具有可替代化肥的潜力,低浓度沼液可作为追肥施用,对作物养分起到一定的补充作用。利用微生物菌剂处理后的沼液液体肥栽培小白菜不仅可以显著提高其生长品质,还能够部分代替化肥施用,对农作物增收和保护环境都具有重要的现实意义。Aiming at the difficulty in liquid digestate treatment in current biogas plants and the problem of excessive application of chemical fertilizers in modern agriculture,this study pretreated liquid digestate with different dilution proportions by microbial inoculants to obtain liquid fertilizers with different concentrations of liquid digestate explored.The effects of different concentrations of liquid digestate and its application methods(leaf spraying and watering)on the growth indexes,photosynthetic indexes and quality indexes of potted cabbage were explored.The results showed that:Low concentration of liquid digestate promoted the growth and development of Chinese cabbage by foliar spraying,and applying liquid digestate with a dilution of 15 to 20 times was the best.High concentration liquid digestate significantly improved the growth and quality indexes of Chinese cabbage,and the effect was better than that of chemical fertilizer treatment group.The optimal application plan was diluted by 1.5 times.Under the same nitrogen level,the effect of high concentration liquid digestate for irrigation on the growth and quality of Chinese cabbage was better than that of low concentration liquid digestate for foliar spraying.High concentration liquid digestate had the potential to replace chemical fertilizer,while low concentration liquid digestate could be used as a topdressing method to supplement nutrients.In conclusion,using liquid digestate pretreated by microbial agents as liquid fertilizer to cultivate Chinese cabbage can not only significantly improve its growth quality,but also reduce the application of chemical fertilizer.It has important practical significance for increasing crop income and protecting environment.

关 键 词：沼液 施用方式 小白菜 生长指标 光合指标 品质指标 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X713[农业科学—农业工程]