服从主体的能动性何在?——朱迪斯·巴特勒对阿尔都塞、福柯主体理论的超越  

How the Subordinated Subject Acquires its Agency?--Judith Butler's Transcendence of Althusser and Foucault's Subject Theory

作　　者：张姚 Zhang Yao

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心暨吉林大学哲学社会学院

出　　处：《理论界》2024年第6期44-50,共7页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：20世纪下半叶兴起的后现代哲学致力于解构主体的同一性,这引出主体的困境问题,即没有一个稳固的先在主体,政治能动性如何可能。承袭阿尔都塞和福柯的主体建构理论,后结构主义哲学家朱迪斯·巴特勒主张主体由权力所建构,同时也指出他们未能解决服从主体的能动性问题。为了解决阿尔都塞和福柯在主体问题上的局限,巴特勒将精神分析方法融入阿尔都塞的询唤理论和福柯的权力话语理论,提出询唤失败之处以及权力的精神剩余正是能动性之所在。而巴特勒对阿尔都塞和福柯的超越,就在于她揭示出,主体并不是被动地服从于权力,相反,服从的主体具有颠覆、反抗的潜能。The postmodern philosophy that emerged in the second half of the 20th century was devoted to deconstructing the identity of the subject,leading to the dilemma of how political agency was possible without a solid subject in prior?Following Althusser and Foucault's constructivist theory of subject,poststructuralist philosopher Judith Butler proposed that the subject was constructed by power,meanwhile she pointed out that they failed to solve the problem of the agency.In order to solve this problem,Butler integrated psychoanalytic methods into Althusser's interpellation theory and Foucault's theory of the discourse of power,proposed that the failure of interpellation and the psychic remainder of power were where agency emerged.Butler's transcendence over Althusser and Foucault lied in her revelation that subjects were not passively subjected to power but rather possess potential for subversion and resistance.

关 键 词：朱迪斯·巴特勒 主体理论 服从 阿尔都塞 福柯 

分 类 号：B712.6[哲学宗教—外国哲学]