蒲柏何以喜欢中国园林——兼谈洛夫乔伊的“不规则之美”说及其悖论  

Why Pope Admired the Chinese Gardens:On Lovejoy's"Beauty of Irregularity"and Its Paradox

作　　者：胡玉明 Hu Yuming(College of Foreign Languages,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学外国语学院,江苏省南京市211106

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2024年第2期33-41,共9页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“中国园林与英国浪漫主义文学中的中国形象研究”[项目编号:19YJC752009]的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国造园艺术在英国的影响是与孔子学说的西传分不开的。英国人认为孔子学说与他们的自然神论有许多相似之处,二者都反对神的启示,主张向自然学习,中国的孔子学说因其历史悠久而更胜一筹。经过英国自然神论的文化调适,中国的语言、政治、宗教和艺术都被视为“自然的”。蒲柏认为中国园林是一片“伟大的荒野”,中国园师凭借高超的匠艺再现了自然的“原初状态”和上帝造化的“普遍秩序”。在人工中见自然,这是中国造园艺术与蒲柏的新古典主义共同追求的目标。因此,中国造园艺术之所以能在英国产生深远影响,原因在于它的“自然性”,而不是“不规则性”。The influence of Chinese garden-designing aesthetics in Britain is inseparable from the spread of Confucianism to the West.The British saw several similarities between Confucian philosophy and European deism,as both opposed divine revelation and advocated learning from nature.The former was deemed superior due to its long history.Through the cultural appropriation of British deism,Chinese language,statecraft,religion and art were all seen as"natural."Pope regarded Chinese gardens as"great and wild,"and he strongly believed that Chinese garden designers,with their superb craftsmanship,succeeded in reproducing the"primitive state"of nature and the"universal order"of God's creation.Concealing artifice in nature is the common goal that both Chinese garden designing and Pope's neoclassicism endeavor to achieve.Therefore,it was the valorization of"naturalness,"not the aesthetics of irregularity,that endeared Chinese gardens to prominent cultural figures like Pope and ensured its broader influence in Britain beyond the debates of the cultural elite.

关 键 词：蒲柏 洛夫乔伊 中国园林 不规则之美 自然神论 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]