中国古代“小说”概念的中日对接及近代转化  

The Concept of Chinese Classical Xiaoshuo and Its Japanese Counterpart and Modern Transformation

作　　者：江曙 Jiang Shu(School of Humanities,Guangzhou University)

机构地区：[1]广州大学人文学院,广东省广州市510006

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2024年第2期155-166,共12页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“历代别集编纂及其文学观念研究”[项目编号:21&ZD254]的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“小说”概念经由日本接引西方“romance”与“novel”之概念,作为中介的日本以及明治文艺思想在“小说”概念的转化中起到至关重要的作用。传教士编纂英华辞典,特别是罗存德《英华字典》在日本广为沿用或增订为英和辞典,颜惠庆《英华大辞典》承接双重影响,“小说”与“romance”和“novel”形成对译。坪内逍遥《小说神髓》对“romance”和“novel”进行区分,鲁迅《中国小说史略》延续并完成两者词义的学术化界定。“小说”概念经由日本的转化最重要的是美术特质的发现。明治日本时期矢野文雄、坪内逍遥等对小说的美术特质加以论述,其后梁启超衍生出小说艺术作用机制,王国维聚焦《红楼梦》的美学价值,黄人完成小说美术属性系统论述的中国化并应用于《小说林》的编创,徐念慈糅合“理想美学”和“感情美学”,吕思勉在小说美学基础上向现代叙事学转型,继之太田善男“纯文学”观在近代发酵,鲁迅、周作人等对小说的美学特征及纯文学价值均作阐述。“小说”概念的中日对接促成普及型流播、学术性的界定和美术特质的发现以及概念的转化。The concept of xiaoshuo was introduced as the equivalent to Western terms of“romance”and“novel”,and the role of Japan and the culture in Meiji Japan as a mediator was crucial.This translation was notably observed in English-Chinese dictionaries compiled by missionaries,particularly in the English and Chinese Dictionary:With the Punti and Mandarin Pronunciation compiled by Wilhelm Lobscheid,where xiaoshuo was rendered as“romance”and“novel”,subsequently impacting Yan Huiqing's An English and Chinese Standard Dictionary.Tsubouchi Shōyōdistinguished between“romance”and“novel”in his work The Essence of Novel,while Lu Xun provided academic definitions in A Brief History of Chinese Novel.The pivotal juncture in the evolution of xiaoshuo occurred with the recognition of its characteristics as a fine art.Fumio Yano and Tsubouchi Shōyōintroduced and adapted the characteristics of the novel as a fine art,and Liang Qichao elucidated the artistic mechanism of the novel.Wang Guowei delved into the aesthetic value of The Story of the Stone,while Huang Ren incorporated fine art principles into the editing of the Fiction Forest journal.Xu Nianci synthesized ideal aesthetics and emotional aesthetics,and LüSimian turned to narratology on an aesthetic foundation.Yoshio Ota's theory of pure literature influenced Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren,who interpreted the novel as both fine art and pure literature.The Sino-Japanese integration of the concept of xiaoshuo facilitated widespread dissemination,academic delineation,the discovery of artistic characteristics,and the transformation of the concept.

关 键 词：“小说” 《英华大辞典》 坪内逍遥 鲁迅 黄人 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学]