11世纪扎塘寺壁画之供养人题材研究  

On the Painting Subject of Patrons on the Murals of the 11th Century at Dratang Monastery in Tibet,China

作　　者：张亚莎[1] 罗延焱 ZHANG Yasha;LUO Yanyan(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University for China,Beijing 100082;College of Education,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang,Shaanxi 712082)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100082 [2]西藏民族大学教育学院,陕西咸阳712082

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期16-25,共10页Journal of Tibet University

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国岩画文化遗产资料集成及数据库建设”阶段性成果,项目号:18ZDA328。

摘　　要：佛教艺术中的供养人题材,从北传路线的角度看,早在汉晋时期已经出现。西北地区以敦煌石窟艺术为首的壁画群中可以见到供养人题材在唐宋时期大为盛行,形成一条与佛教教义教理传播并行的发展模式,其背后的文化内涵除了展示世俗社会权贵阶层对佛教的尊崇膜拜,更具历史图像志价值,对当时的政治集团内权贵等级、社会分层乃至重大历史事件记录都多有涉及,大到统治集团人员的形象,小到服饰与等级制度,往往能以小见大,是极为珍贵的民族图像志资料。正因为如此,宗教艺术遗存中的供养人形象,更具有民俗风情记录的特征,是当时社会与习俗各个方面的图像记录。文章聚焦11世纪后期位于卫藏腹心区域的扎塘寺壁画中的供养人形象,除了探讨扎塘寺早期壁画在卫藏11世纪佛教艺术史中的独特性,还就北宋年间卫藏艺术中多民族文化交流融合状况做了讨论。With patrons as the painting subject in Buddhist art appeared as early as the Han and Jin dynasties,and was introduced to the mural painting in the northwest region of China,which is mainly illustrated by in the murals in Dunhuang Grottos.It can be seen that the painting subject prevailed in the Tang and Song dynasties,and developed in parallel with the spread of Buddhism.The cultural connotation behind the painting subject dis⁃plays the secular society then,where the powerful and wealthy interest groups worshiped Buddhism.The murals has a high value in functioning as iconographic history books which record the hierarchy in political groups,so⁃cial stratification and even major historical events then,and they are also the image records of various aspects of the society and customs at that time,depicting the images of the ruling group personnel,their attires,personal adornments,etc.The article focuses on the images of patrons in the mural paintings of the late 11th century at Dratang Monastery,which is located in the center of Tibet,and discusses the uniqueness of the early mural paint⁃ings of Dratang Monastery in the history of Buddhist art in Tibet,and also discusses the status of multi-ethnic cultural exchange and integration in the art of Tibet during the Northern Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：供养人 扎塘寺 壁画 多民族文化交流 

分 类 号：J218.6[艺术—美术]