贸易空间的表述与实践:西藏山南“拉康加羌姆”研究  

Representation and Practice of Trade Space:A Study of"Lha Khang Kya Cham"Performed in Lhoka of Tibet,China

作　　者：万代吉 WAN Daiji(Department of Law and Sociology,Qinghai Normal University,Xining,Qinghai 810000)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学法学与社会学学院,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期52-59,共8页Journal of Tibet University

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金项目“乡村振兴背景下藏族民间仪式舞蹈研究”阶段性成果,项目号:19MZ084。

摘　　要：“拉康加羌姆”是俗人表演的法舞,是一部神圣与世俗共存的展演,也是汉藏文化交流的典型表现。整个仪式结构以独特的地理方位“枯廷拉康”为物质基础生产了一个具有象征性质的“空间实践”;以“卵(鸟)生宇宙”,“矮人”等情景完成了秩序的“空间表述”;最终以“猕猴与罗刹女”以及“文成公主远嫁吐蕃”等情景展演,形成了以交易为主的“表述空间”。这些神话和历史事件虽然发生在不同时空,但内在具有一定的联系,通过神话、仪式、历史事件的展演,形塑了一个由赞普直接表征的秩序空间,营造了边贸会和平互惠的贸易空间,这也是藏族社会突破村落和家族边界形成一个和平空间的根本机制。松赞干布与文成公主的婚礼表述了汉文化在吐蕃政治图景中的重要意义,这一空间的形成与文成公主镇压魔女的空间塑造策略是紧密相连的,而加羌姆则致力于将这一表述直接实践于地方社会的核心位置,从而实现空间的国家化。"Lha Khang Kya Cham",a religious or Dharma dance often performed by laypeople,is a display that embodies both the sacred and secular aspects,and serves as a typical manifestation of Han-Tibetan cultural ex⁃change.The entire ritual structure is anchored in the unique geographical orientation of"'khor thing lha khang,"creating a symbolic"spatial practice."Through artistic coding that represents scenes like"a egg giving birth to the universe"and"the short black-headed beings,"it contributes to an organized"spatial representation."Ulti⁃mately,scenes like"the monkey and the demoness"and"Princess Wencheng's marriage to a Tubo king"culmi⁃nate in a trade-focused"representational space."Despite these myths and historical events occurred in different time and space,they share intrinsic connections.The performance of myths,rituals,and historical events shapes an order space directly symbolized by the king,which fosters a trade space for peaceful and mutually beneficial border trade.This mechanism transcends village and clan boundaries,forming a fundamental mechanism for cre⁃ating a peaceful space within Tibetan society.The wedding of Songtsan Gampo(Srong-btsan-sgam-po)and Prin⁃cess Wencheng signifies the significance of Han culture in Tibet's political landscape.The formation of this space is closely linked to the spatial crafting strategy of Princess Wencheng's suppression of a demoness.More⁃over,"Lha Khang Kya Cham"aims to position this representation at the core of local society,ultimately achiev⁃ing the nationalization of space.

关 键 词：拉康加羌姆 贸易空间 情景剧 表述空间 

分 类 号：J722.29[艺术—舞蹈]