悬临与释放:笛卡尔、斯宾诺莎与存在的潜能  

Imminence and Releasement:Descartes,Spinoza,and the Potentiality of Being

作　　者：雷思温 Lei Siwen

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2024年第6期89-99,128,共12页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“德意志神秘主义哲学研究”(编号23BZX067)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：潜能与现实学说是亚里士多德哲学的核心学说之一。在基督教神学的发展中,潜能概念围绕存在与非存在、存在与无的主题在上帝的超越性和内在性,以及上帝与受造物的关系中得到不同方向的深化,并成为笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎两种近代形而上学的重要思想背景。鉴于此,围绕存在的潜能问题,探讨笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎在为自然世界进行形而上学奠基时对存在潜能的不同处理是非常重要的议题。笛卡尔加强了自然世界存在的潜能性和悬临性,斯宾诺莎则将这一存在潜能完全释放于自然世界,两者在存在潜能的悬临和释放中各自走向了极致。这两种形而上学方案,都旨在刻画让一切存在得以可能的绝对能力,自然世界也因此在近代形而上学中获得了两种最具典范性的奠基形态。In the development of Christian theology,the concept of potentiality in Aristotle's metaphysics was largely deepened in different directions concerning the transcendence and immanence of God,and became an important origin of Descartes and Spinoza's metaphysics.This paper focuses on the theme of the potentiality of being,and elaborates the different paths in Descartes'and Spinoza's philosophies.Descartes greatly strengthened the potentiality and imminence of being in the natural world,while Spinoza fully released the potentiality of being in the natural world.Each approach reached its own extreme.These two patterns are aimed at depicting the absolute power that makes all beings possible,with the very result that the natural world has obtained two of its most exemplary metaphysical foundations in early modern philosophy.

关 键 词：存在 非存在 无 潜能 

分 类 号：B565.21[哲学宗教—外国哲学]