施肥和收获期对拉萨河谷地区白草产量和饲用品质的影响  

Effects of fertilization and harvest period on Pennisetum flaccidum yield and forage quality in the Lhasa River Valley

作　　者：肖健宇 张光雨 王江伟[1,2] 黄绍琳 王志述 付刚 沈振西[1] 余成群[1] XIAO Jianyu;ZHANG Guangyu;WANG Jiangwei;HUANG Shaolin;WANG Zhishu;FU Gang;SHEN Zhenxi;YU Chengqun(Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station/Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling/Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室/拉萨农业生态试验站,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第6期1347-1358,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDA26050501);国家重点研发项目(2021YFD1000303);西藏“十四五”科技重大专项(XZ202101ZD0003N);中国科学院青年创新促进会会员项目(2020054);国家自然科学基金项目(31600432);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所秉维优秀青年人才项目(2018RC202)。

摘　　要：为探究西藏地区白草(Pennisetum flaccidum)优质、高产的种植方式,本研究在拉萨河谷区设置N_(0)(0 kg·hm^(-2))、N_(300)(300 kg·hm^(-2))、N_(600)(600 kg·hm^(-2))和N_(900)(900 kg·hm^(-2))施肥处理,分别于抽穗期、乳熟期和成熟期采集试验样品,分析不同施肥梯度和收获期对白草产量、饲用品质和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:白草干草产量随施肥量增加呈上升趋势,在抽穗期和成熟期显著高于乳熟期(P<0.05)。白草粗蛋白含量随收获期推迟而逐渐降低,粗灰分含量随施肥量增加呈下降趋势,但施肥对不同收获期的白草酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪和酸性洗涤木质素含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。白草土壤全氮含量在抽穗期随施肥量增加呈现先增后减趋势,全磷含量随施肥量增加以及收获期的推迟而趋于下降。在抽穗期收割N_(900)处理的白草生产性能最佳,其次是同期收割N_(600)处理的白草,但后者较前者拥有更优的经济和生态效益。In this study,we aimed at exploring effective planting methods for achieving high yield and forage quality for Pennisetum flaccidum in Tibet.We implemented four fertilization treatments in the Lhasa River valley:N_(0),N_(300),N_(600),and N_(900)(0,300,600,and 900 kg·ha^(-1),respectively).We collected the samples during the heading,milk,and maturation stages to analyze how the different fertilizer application rates and harvest periods affect P.flaccidum dry hay yield,forage quality,and soil nutrients.Our results demonstrated that P.flaccidum hay yield increased with increasing application rate and was significantly higher during the heading and maturation stages compared to the milk stage(P<0.05).The crude P.flaccidum protein content decreased gradually with the harvest period delay,while the crude ash content exhibited a decreasing trend with an increasing application rate.However,fertilization did not affect significantly the P.flaccidum acid detergent fiber,neutral detergent fiber,crude fat,and acid detergent lignin contents during the different harvest periods(P>0.05).The total nitrogen content of the soil tended to increase first,then decrease with the increasing fertilization rate during the heading stage.The total phosphorus content of the soil decreased with the increasing fertilization rate and harvest period delay.We registered the best production performance in the case of the N_(900)-treated P.flaccidum,followed by the N_(600)-treated P.flaccidum,both harvested at the heading stage,although the latter displayed more economic and ecological benefits.

关 键 词：白草 施肥梯度 收获时期 干草产量 营养品质 土壤养分 生产性能 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]