人类基因编辑技术对运气平等主义的挑战及应对  

The Challenge of Human Gene Editing Technology to Luck Egalitarianism and Its Response

作　　者：王灵芝 WANG Lingzhi(Department of Civics,Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University,Fenyang 032299,China;School of Philosophy,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学汾阳学院思政部,山西汾阳032299 [2]山西大学哲学学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2024年第13期39-43,共5页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2022年山西省研究生教育创新重点项目(2022Y003)。

摘　　要：运气平等主义区分选择和运气,强调具体责任原则,认为个体选择导致的不利处境不应该得到社会补偿。人类基因编辑技术的高速发展使得自由主义优生得以可能,父母可以自主设计下一代的基因构成,并为此承担责任。然而,由于个体选择的是定义人类自然本性的生物素质,具体责任原则在人类基因编辑技术实践中引发新的挑战:打破分配正义预设;难以厘清责任归属;破坏责任承担自由意志;加剧社会不平等。为了使人类基因编辑技术更好地促进社会正义,需要重申平等对待原则,加强责任伦理,以及完善社会保障机制。Luck egalitarianism distinguishes between choice and luck and emphasizes the principle of specific responsibility,arguing that disadvantages resulting from individual choice should not be compensated by society.The rapid development of human gene editing technology has made libertarian eugenics possible,where parents can design the genetic makeup of the next generation on their own and take responsibility for it.However,as individuals choose the biological qualities that define human nature,the principle of specific responsibility triggers new challenges in the practice of human gene editing technology:it breaks the presupposition of distributive justice;blurs the lines of responsibility attribution,undermines free will in bearing responsibility,and exacerbates social inequality.To better promote social justice through human gene editing technology,it is necessary to reaffirm the principle of equal treatment,strengthen the ethics of responsibility and improve social security mechanisms.

关 键 词：人类基因编辑技术 运气平等主义 具体责任原则 分配正义 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]