从跨层结构到副词:“倾向(于)”的多种用法与历时演变  

From Cross-layer Structures to Adverbs:Multiple Uses and Diachronic Evolution of"Qingxiang(yu)"

作　　者：黄章超 HUANG Zhangchao(International College of Chinese Studies,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学对外汉语学院,上海200234

出　　处：《绵阳师范学院学报》2024年第7期110-118,共9页Journal of Mianyang Teachers＇ College

摘　　要：结合“附缀”相关理论,梳理了“倾向”的演变历程,分析了其动因和演变机制。通过语料库和古籍语料的检索,发现“倾+向”和“倾+向+于”的首次出现都在南北朝时期的汉译佛经中,且意义和用法并无根本差别。“倾向”从“倾+向”变为“倾向”,再变为“倾向+于”,最终成为“倾向(于)”,经历了一个“线性组合—韵律词—词汇词—线性组合—附缀结构”的演变历程,并走上了副词化的道路。在其演化的过程中,认知组块化、形态的限制和重音指派规则发挥了重要作用。这一过程其他动因还有:“向”“于”作为单音节的黏附性和前趋倾向、汉语双音化趋势、宾语的语义虚化与成分扩展、表达经济的语用需求;机制还有重新分析和“Y于”类词的类推作用。Based on theories related to"clitic",this paper reviews the evolution of"qingxiang"and analyzes its motivations in addition to evolution mechanisms.The search of the corpus as well as the corpus of ancient books shows that"qing+xiang"and"qing+xiang+yu"appeared for the first time in the Chinese translation of Buddhist sutras in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and had no fundamental difference in meaning and use."Qingxiang"changed from"qing+xiang"to"qingxiang"to"qingxiang+yu"to"qingxiang(yu)",undergoing the evolution"from a linear combination to a prosodic word to a lexical word to a linear combination to a clitic group",and embarking on the road of adverbialization.The process of evolution witnessed the important roles of cognitive chunking,morphological constraints,and stress assignment rules.The process had other motivations like the adhe⁃sion and forward tendency,trend of Chinese disyllabization,semantic vacuity and component expansion of objects,and pragmatic needs of expressing economy of"xiang"and"yu"as monosyllables in addition to other mechanisms like re-analysis,and analogy of words like"Y yu".

关 键 词：跨层结构 附缀 于 倾向 词汇化 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]